Smart Buildings Digitalization: Case Studies on Data Centers and Automation

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Nonlinear Controller for Electric Vehicles in Smart Buildings
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Converter Analysis and Dynamic Modeling
	1.3 PFC Based on Conventional ACM Control
	1.4 Differential Flatness-Based Controller for AC/DC Converter
	1.5 Design Considerations
	1.6 Controller Realization through Simulation
	1.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2 Guidance System for Smart Building Using Li-Fi
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Literature Review
		2.2.1 Transferring Data Using Li-Fi Technology
		2.2.2 Constrained and Quantized Graph Algorithm to Find the Shortest Path
		2.2.3 Bluetooth Technology for Communication
	2.3 Existing System
	2.4 Proposed System
	2.5 Architecture of the System
	2.6 Workflow
	2.7 Modules
		2.7.1 Module 1
		2.7.2 Module 2
		2.7.3 Module 3
		2.7.4 Module 4
		2.7.5 Algorithm
	2.8 Constraints
	2.9 Conclusion
	2.10 Future Work
	References
Chapter 3 Smart Building Automation System
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Smart Building Architecture
	3.3 Technologies Required to Build Smart Buildings
	3.4 Building Automation System (BAS)
		3.4.1 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning System (HVAC System)
		3.4.2 Sensors
		3.4.3 Actuators
	3.5 IoT Applications in Smart Buildings
	3.6 Potential Benefits of Smart Building
	3.7 Drawbacks of Incorporating Technology in Buildings
	References
Chapter 4 Semi-Autonomous Human Detection, Tracking, and Following Robot in a Smart Building
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Related Work
		4.2.1 Human Detection
		4.2.2 Object Tracking
		4.2.3 Surveillance Robots
	4.3 Proposed Work
		4.3.1 Hardware Design
		4.3.2 Software Design
		4.3.3 Working Algorithm
	4.4 Results and Discussion
		4.4.1 Experimental Setting
		4.4.2 Human Detection Range Test
	4.5 Human Tracking Speed Test
	4.6 Human Tracking Occlusion Recovery Test
	4.7 Comparison of Tracking Algorithms
	4.8 Conclusion and Challenges Ahead
	References
Chapter 5 Current-Starved and Skewed Topologies of CNTFET-Based Ring Oscillators for Temperature Sensors
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Background
	5.3 Current-Starved Ring Oscillator
	5.4 Skewed Topologies
	5.5 Negative PMOS and NMOS SKEW Ring Oscillator
	5.6 Current-Controlled NMOS and PMOS Ring Oscillators
	5.7 Current-Mode CNTFET IFLM (C-IFLM)
	5.8 Summary
	References
Chapter 6 Efficient Data Storage with Tier IV Data Center in Smart Buildings
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Design Criteria for Tier IV Data Center
	6.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7 IoT-Based Data Collection Platform for Smart Buildings
	7.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
	7.2 Objectives
	7.3 Problem Formulation
	7.4 Design of the Scaled-Down Network on Breadboard
	7.5 Design of the Thing Speak Platform for Visualization of the Parameters
	7.6 Design of the IoT Platform
	7.7 Design Specifications
	7.8 Design of the Hardware Model
		7.8.1 Case 1: ON Switch of Bus 1 Is Pressed
		7.8.2 Case 2: ON Switch of Bus 2 Is Pressed
		7.8.3 Case 3: OFF Switch of both Buses Is Pressed
		7.8.4 Case 4: ON Switch of both Buses Is Pressed
	7.9 Results and Discussions
	7.10 Conclusion
	7.11 Future Scope
	References
Chapter 8 Sensor Data Validation for IoT Applications
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Literature Review
	8.3 Proposed System
	8.4 Implementation
	8.5 Result and Discussion
	8.6 Conclusion
Chapter 9 Energy Economic Appliances’ Scheduling for Smart Home Environment
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Appliances’ Categorization
	9.3 System Description
	9.4 Simulation Results
	9.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10 IoT-Based Smart Metering
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Proposed System
	10.3 Outcome
	10.4 Hardware-Used Interpretation
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11 Smart Decentralized Control Approach for Energy Management in Smart Homes with EV Load
	Abbreviations
	11.1 Introduction: Importance of Energy Saving
		11.1.1 Load Categorization and Control Strategy
	11.2 Proposed System
		11.2.1 Sizing of PV Panel
		11.2.2 Sizing of Backup Battery
	11.3 Design of Subsystems
		11.3.1 Inverter Subsystem
		11.3.2 Filter Circuit Design for Inverter
		11.3.3 Backup Battery Subsystem
			11.3.3.1 EV Battery Charging Subsystem
	11.4 Master Controller
	11.5 Results and Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12 Design and Implementation of Prototype for Smart Home Using Internet of Things and Cloud
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Benefits of Home Automation System
		12.2.1 Cost of Installation
		12.2.2 Scalability and Extension of the System
		12.2.3 Mobile Phone Integration
	12.3 Related Works
	12.4 System Analysis
		12.4.1 Problem Statement
		12.4.2 Feature of the Proposed System
	12.5 Design and Implementation
		12.5.1 Proposed Home Automation System
		12.5.2 System Design
		12.5.3 System Implementation
	12.6 Results and Discussion
	12.7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Chapter 13 IoT Platform for Monitoring and Optimization of the Public Parking System in Firebase
	13.1 Introduction and Literature Survey
	13.2 Methodology
	13.3 Implementation
	13.4 Results and Discussion
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14 IoT-Based Smart Health Monitoring System
	14.1 Introduction
		14.1.1 Objective of the Project
		14.1.2 Scope of the Project
		14.1.3 Background
		14.1.4 Motivation
	14.2 Literature Review
	14.3 Novelty of the Idea
		14.3.1 Overview
		14.3.2 Multifunctional
		14.3.3 Features
		14.3.4 Technology Stack
	14.4 Design Approach
		14.4.1 Components Used
		14.4.2 Methodology
		14.4.3 Implementation
	14.5 Conclusion
		14.5.1 Results
		14.5.2 Summary
	References
Chapter 15 Energy Management System for Smart Buildings: Mini Review
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Methodologies
	15.3 Optimization and Algorithms
	15.4 IoT and Smart Technologies
	15.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16 Augmented Lagrangian Model to Analyze the Synergies of Electric Urban Transport Systems and Energy Distribution in Smart Cities
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Augmented Lagrangian Method
	16.3 Initializing the Multipliers
	16.4 Procedure for Feasibility
	16.5 Optimization Model Formulation
	16.6 Objective Function and Constraints
	16.7 Augmented Lagrangian Model
	16.8 Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm
	16.9 Numerical Calculations
	16.10 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 17 Grid-Interconnected Photovoltaic Power System with LCL Filter Feasible for Rooftop Terracing
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Block Diagram of the Proposed System
		17.2.1 MPPT Control
		17.2.2 Boost Converter
		17.2.3 NPC Inverter
		17.2.4 Closed-Loop PI Controller
		17.2.5 LCL Filter Controller
	17.3 Materials and Methodology Used
		17.3.1 Descriptive Details of PV Systems
		17.3.2 Materials Used in the PV Cells’ Fabrication
		17.3.3 PV Cell Characteristics
	17.4 Work Plan of Rooftop Terracing
	17.5 Simulation Results and Hardware Description
	17.6 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Chapter 18 An Efficient ZCS-Based Boost Converter for Commercial Building Lighting Applications
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Circuit Description
		18.2.1 Steady State Analysis
		18.2.2 Design of the SBC
	18.3 Experimental Results
	18.4 Case Study of Lighting Design for a Commercial Building
		18.4.1 Lighting Design for a Tennis Court
		18.4.2 Energy Savings in the Tennis Court
	18.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 19 Implementation of Smart Grids and Case Studies through ETAP in Commercial and Official Buildings
	19.1 About ETAP Software
	19.2 Case Study – Detail
	19.3 Load Details of the IT Office Building Campus
	19.4 Wind Turbine Characteristic Design in ETAP 20.0.4 (WTG)
		19.4.1 Control Mode Used for Western Electric Coordination Council (WECC) Type 4
		19.4.2 Wind Turbine Generator’s V[Sub(min)] and V[Sub(max)] Parameters
		19.4.3 Wind Turbine Ramp Start and Stop Details
	19.5 Solar PV Array (PVA) Characteristic Design in ETAP 20.0.4
	19.6 PVA Design Parameters
		19.6.1 Inverter Details of Solar PVA
	19.7 Renewable Sources in the Distribution Network Feeding at lT Bus 0.415 kV
		19.7.1 Overall SLD in ETAP 20.0.4
		19.7.2 Analysis in Detail
	19.8 Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 20 Data Logger-Aided Stand-Alone PV System for Rural Electrification
	Abbreviations
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Methodologies
	20.3 Optimization and Analysis
	20.4 IoT and Smart Technologies
	20.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 21 Smart Solar Modules for Smart Buildings
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Fundamentals of Solar Cells
	21.3 CdS/CdTe Solar Cells
	21.4 Roadmap of Research
	21.5 The Advanced Research Deposition System
	21.6 The Need for Automation of Experiments
		21.6.1 Methodology
		21.6.2 Results and Discussion
		21.6.3 Conclusion
			21.6.3.1 Challenges Addressed
			21.6.3.2 Perspective
	21.7 Future Work
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 22 IoT-Based Smart Hand Sanitizer Dispenser (COVID-19)
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Literature Survey
	22.3 Proposed System
	22.4 Methodology
		22.4.1 Hand Detection
		22.4.2 Temperature Detection
		22.4.3 Face Mask Detection
		22.4.4 Data Aggregation (Cloud)
	22.5 Implementation
		22.5.1 Hardware Implementation
		22.5.2 Software Implementation
			22.5.2.1 CNN Architecture
			22.5.2.2 Face Mask Detection Algorithm Using CNN
			22.5.2.3 Data Aggregation and Visualization
	22.6 Conclusion and Future Works
	Acknowledgment
	References
Index