Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems: Environment Risk Prediction and Safety

Length: 246 pages
Edition: 1
Language: English
Publisher: Nova Science Pub Inc
Publication Date: 2021-07-26
ISBN-10: 1536197262
ISBN-13: 9781536197266
Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)

The success of natural disaster study depends on updated, accurate, and exact information. This information should be collected and arranged logically to enable appropriate authorities of all levels, such as state officials and urban planners, to address crises before, during, and after the event. Modern technologies, including remote sensing methods and geographic information systems, enable the collection of information that satisfies the requirements of natural disaster studies. Computer systems provide for the collecting, saving, retrieving, processing, and analyzing of data, and can produce visual outputs such as tables and graphs. Such systems also give authorities access to information like routes to damaged areas, health care stations, police, firefighters, auxiliary forces, possible landing spots for helicopters and airplanes, places for reserving food and rescue devices, and urban infrastructure as well as addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses of residents or communication facilities. Remote sensing and geographic information system development can integrate all this information by organizing it into layers and creating maps in both digital and physical formats. Data represented by geographic information systems are linked to geographical coordinate systems, enabling ease of access. Such resources are critical for analyzing, comparing, and fully understanding crises. The archival of previously processed information opens opportunities for decision makers to solve problems more effectively. These are the main concepts explored in this book.

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Natural Disaster
I. Natural Hazards and Disasters
I.I. Classification of Natural Hazards and Disasters
I.I.I. Geologic Hazards
I.I.II. Atmospheric Hazards
I.I.III. Other Natural Hazards
I.I.IV. Anthropogenic Hazards
I.II. Effects of Hazards
I.III. Vulnerability to Hazards and Disasters
I.IV. Assessing Hazards and Risk
I.IV.I. Hazard Assessment Consists of Determining the Following
I.IV.II. Risk Assessment
I.V. Prediction and Warning
I.V.I. Prediction
I.V.II. Forecasting
I.V.III. Early Warning
I.VI. Frequency of Natural Disasters
I.VI.I. First - Size Matters
I.VI.II. Second - Location
Meteorite Impacts
Earthquakes
Frequency Status of the Natural Disasters
References
Chapter 2
Geographic Information System (GIS) Framework for Disaster
I. Introduction
I.I. GIS Support for Disaster Assessment
I.II. Natural Disaster Mitigation
I.III. Natural Disaster Preparedness
II. GIS Platform for Data Management
II.I. GIS for Visualizing Situational Awareness
III. Response
III.I. Recovery
III.II. Forecasting
IV. Field Operations
IV.I. GIS Helps Building a Common Operating Environment
V. GIS Architecture for Disaster Management: Overview of the GIS Framework
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3
Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Application
I. Introduction
II. Sabail Fortress (Baku, Azerbaijan)
III. Caspian Sea Behavior
III.I. Description of the Studied Area
IV. Architectural Regeneration Aspects
IV.I. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Environment
IV.II. Caspian Sea Costal Line Rising Behaviour
IV.III. Seismic Behaviour of the Area
IV.IV. Caspian Sea Underwater Flows
IV.V. Fauna and Flora of the Area
IV.VI. Climatic of the Area
IV.VII. Seabed Topographical Data
V. Space Technology Application
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4
Innovation and Innovation Technology: Approach and Implementation
I. Introduction
II. Contribution of Innovation and Innovation Technology in Business Development
III. Innovation and Innovation Technology Application Stages
IV. A Wide Scale Network Needs
V. Encouragement of Innovation and Innovation Technology
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System as an Environment for Management of Engineering Activities
I. Introduction
II. Design and Construction as a Uniform System of Engineering Activity
III. Features of Application of Space Technology in Engineering
IV. Geographical Information Systems
V. Stages of Application of GIS in Engineering
V.I. How Is It Possible to Achieve Success in the Main Areas of Engineering?
V.I.I. Description of the Resource’s Segments
V.I.II. Remote Sensing and GIS
V.I.III. GIS Development
VI. Methods
VI.I. Information Selection
VI.II. Geodetic Measurements
VII. Results
VIII. Positioning System/Geographic Information System Environment for Engineering Infrastructure Facility Safety
VIII.I. Introduction
VIII.II. Geomorphologic and Geotectonic Setting
VIII.III. Earthquakes in the Vienna Basin
VIII.IV. Local Site Conditions
VIII.V. Methods
VIII.VI. Land Use Assessment
VIII.VII. Evaluations of Digital Elevation Model Data (DEM) for the Extraction of Causal Factors
VIII.VII.I. Digital Image Processing and Evaluations of Satellite Imageries
VIII.VII.II. Evaluations of Shear Wave Velocity Data
VIII.VIII. GIS Integrated Evaluations of Remote Sensing and Diﬀerent Geo-Data
VIII.VIII.I. Results of the WOSAD Approach
VIII.VIII.II. Neotectonics Movements
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Global Positioning System/Geographic Information System Environment for Engineering Infrastructure Facility Monitoring
I. Introduction
II. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
II.I. Investigated Area
III. Data Collection
III.I. Equipment/Method Used for Topographical Survey and Image Processing
III.I.I. Field Works
III.I.II. Establishment Datum Monuments (DM)
IV. Measurement
V. Geospatial Data and GIS Interpretation
VI. Digital Elevation Model
VII. Satellite Data Processing
VIII. Geological Map
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
River Flood Monitoring for Prediction of Hazards for Pipeline System
I. Introduction
II. Methodology
III. Study and Analysis
III.I. Problem Description
IV. River History
V. River Banks Erosion
VI. Discussion
VII. Recommendations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for Natural Disaster Management
I. Introduction
II. Disaster Management
III. Space Technology and GIS Tools
Example 1: Flooding
Example 2: Earthquakes
Example 3: Volcanic Eruptions
Example 4: Landslides
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9
Geographic Information System Environment in Flood Crisis Management
I. Introduction
II. Looking to Geographic Information System in Flood Crisis Management
II.I. Analytical Capabilities of Geographic Information System in Flood Crisis Management
II.I.I. Search Capability
II.I.II. Demographic
II.I.III. Preparing Combined Maps
III. Flood Zoning Using Geographic Information System
III.I. Advantages and Usage Capabilities of Geographic Information System in Preparing Flood Zoning Maps
III.II. Flood Zoning Maps Usage
III.III. Flood Hazard Map
III.III.I Usages and Advantages of Preparing Flood Hazard Maps
III.III.II. Prepared Maps for Officials, Crisis Managers and Assistance Teams
IV. Geographic Information System Application in Topology for Urgent Settlement Places for Flood Crisis Damaged People
V. Geographic Information System Application in Managing Debris Removal After Flood Crisis
VI. Geographic Information System Application in Managing Diseases in Flooded Regions
VII. Geographic Information System Application in Damaged Regions Restoration
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for Natural Hazards Assessment
I. Introduction
II. GIS Components
1. Hardware from Centralized Servers to Desktop Application
2. Software
3. Data
4. Vector Data
5. Human Resource Component
6. Methods and Procedures
III. Vital Place of How GIS Use
IV. Remote Sensing Information Source: GPS Data and Satellite Images
V. Global Positioning System (GPS)
V.I. Mobile Phones as a Source of GPS Data
VI. Remote Sensing
1. Digital Globe
2. Terra Server
3. USGS
4. Earth Sat
VII. Google Maps and Google Earth
VIII. Implementing a GIS System
VIII.I. Initial Stage
VIIII.II. Technical Requirements: Software and Hardware
VIII.II.I. Software
VIII.II.II. Free Software
IX. Hardware
X. Human Resources in GIS: Requirements and Skills Needed
X.I. Technical Skills Required
XI. Additional Source for Support
XII. Costs Efficiency of GIS
XIII. Limitation of GIS and the Use of GIS as an Appropriate Technology
XIV. Limitation and Constraints of the Use of Remote Sensing and GIS
XV. Cost Constraints
XV.I. Infrastructure Constraints
XV.II. Educational Constraints
XV.III. Data Constraints
XV.III.I. Existence of Data
XV.III.II. Accessibility of Data
XVI. Political Stability
XVII. Options Needed to Be Undertaken
XVIII. Recommended Steps for a GIS Project
XIX. The Use of GIS and Remote Sensing for Disaster Risk Reduction/Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk, Vulnerability and Hazard Assessment
XIX.I. Use of Satellite Images in DRR
XX. Overview of Approaches
XX.I. GIS in Flood Emergency
XXI. GIS on Line for DRR Application: General Information and Useful Web Links
Management and Emergency Response
XXII. Future Developments
XXIII. A case study of Disaster Prevention and Preparedness
XXIII.I. Phase I: National Maps
XXIII.II. Phase II: Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Maps
XXIII.III. Phase III: GIS Maps: From GPS Data Collection to Maps Creation for a Better Orientation in Case of Floods
XXIII.IV. Phase IV: Use of Satellite Images in DRR Projects
XXIII.V. Phase V: Population Database and GIS Representation: GIS - Database Link
Case Study for Cost Analysis
References
About the Author
Index