Prometheus: Up & Running: Infrastructure and Application Performance Monitoring, 2nd Edition

Length: 370 pages
Edition: 2
Language: English
Publisher: O'Reilly Media
Publication Date: 2023-05-16
ISBN-10: 1098131142
ISBN-13: 9781098131142
Sales Rank: #135528 (See Top 100 Books)

Get up to speed with Prometheus, the metrics-based monitoring system used in production by tens of thousands of organizations. This updated second edition provides site reliability engineers, Kubernetes administrators, and software developers with a hands-on introduction to the most important aspects of Prometheus, including dashboarding and alerting, direct code instrumentation, and metric collection from third-party systems with exporters.

Prometheus server maintainer Julien Pivotto and core developer Brian Brazil demonstrate how you can use Prometheus for application and infrastructure monitoring. This book guides you through Prometheus setup, the Node Exporter, and the Alertmanager, and then shows you how to use these tools for application and infrastructure monitoring. You’ll understand why this open source system has continued to gain popularity in recent years.

You will:

Know where and how much instrumentation to apply to your application code
Monitor your infrastructure with Node Exporter and use new collectors for network system pressure metrics
Get an introduction to Grafana, a popular tool for building dashboards
Use service discovery and the new HTTP SD monitoring system to provide different views of your machines and services
Use Prometheus with Kubernetes and examine exporters you can use with containers
Discover Prom’s new improvements and features, including trigonometry functions
Learn how Prometheus supports important security features including TLS and basic authentication

Preface
    Expanding the Known
    The Evolution of Prometheus
    Conventions Used in This Book
    Using Code Examples
    O’Reilly Online Learning
    How to Contact Us
    Acknowledgments
I. Introduction
1. What Is Prometheus?
    What Is Monitoring?
        A Brief and Incomplete History of Monitoring
        Categories of Monitoring
            Profiling
            Tracing
            Logging
            Metrics
    Prometheus Architecture
        Client Libraries
        Exporters
        Service Discovery
        Scraping
        Storage
        Dashboards
        Recording Rules and Alerts
        Alert Management
        Long-Term Storage
    What Prometheus Is Not
2. Getting Started with Prometheus
    Running Prometheus
    Using the Expression Browser
    Running the Node Exporter
    Alerting
II. Application Monitoring
3. Instrumentation
    A Simple Program
    The Counter
        Counting Exceptions
        Counting Size
    The Gauge
        Using Gauges
        Callbacks
    The Summary
    The Histogram
        Buckets
    Unit Testing Instrumentation
    Approaching Instrumentation
        What Should I Instrument?
            Service instrumentation
            Library instrumentation
        How Much Should I Instrument?
        What Should I Name My Metrics?
            Characters
            snake_case
            Metric suffixes
            Units
            Name
            Library
4. Exposition
    Python
        WSGI
        Twisted
        Multiprocess with Gunicorn
    Go
    Java
        HTTPServer
        Servlet
    Pushgateway
    Bridges
    Parsers
    Text Exposition Format
        Metric Types
        Labels
        Escaping
        Timestamps
        check metrics
    OpenMetrics
        Metric Types
        Labels
        Timestamps
5. Labels
    What Are Labels?
    Instrumentation and Target Labels
    Instrumentation
        Metric
        Multiple Labels
        Child
    Aggregating
    Label Patterns
        Enum
        Info
    When to Use Labels
        Cardinality
6. Dashboarding with Grafana
    Installation
    Data Source
    Dashboards and Panels
        Avoiding the Wall of Graphs
    Time Series Panel
        Time Controls
    Stat Panel
    Table Panel
    State Timeline Panel
    Template Variables
III. Infrastructure Monitoring
7. Node Exporter
    CPU Collector
    Filesystem Collector
    Diskstats Collector
    Netdev Collector
    Meminfo Collector
    Hwmon Collector
    Stat Collector
    Uname Collector
    OS Collector
    Loadavg Collector
    Pressure Collector
    Textfile Collector
        Using the Textfile Collector
        Timestamps
8. Service Discovery
    Service Discovery Mechanisms
        Static
        File
        HTTP
        Consul
        EC2
    Relabeling
        Choosing What to Scrape
        Target Labels
            replace
            job, instance, and __address__
            labelmap
            Case
            Lists
    How to Scrape
        metric_relabel_configs
            labeldrop and labelkeep
        Label Clashes and honor_labels
9. Containers and Kubernetes
    cAdvisor
        CPU
        Memory
        Labels
    Kubernetes
        Running in Kubernetes
        Service Discovery
            Node
            Service
            Endpointslice
            Pod
            Ingress
        kube-state-metrics
    Alternative Deployments
10. Common Exporters
    Consul
    MySQLd
    Grok Exporter
    Blackbox
        ICMP
        TCP
        HTTP
        DNS
        Prometheus Configuration
11. Working with Other Monitoring Systems
    Other Monitoring Systems
    InfluxDB
    StatsD
12. Writing Exporters
    Consul Telemetry
    Custom Collectors
        Labels
    Guidelines
IV. PromQL
13. Introduction to PromQL
    Aggregation Basics
        Gauge
        Counter
        Summary
        Histogram
    Selectors
        Matchers
        Instant Vector
        Range Vector
        Subqueries
        Offset
        At Modifier
    HTTP API
        query
        query_range
            Aligned data
14. Aggregation Operators
    Grouping
        without
        by
    Operators
        sum
        count
            Unique label values
        avg
        group
        stddev and stdvar
        min and max
        topk and bottomk
        quantile
        count_values
15. Binary Operators
    Working with Scalars
        Arithmetic Operators
        Trigonometric Operator
        Comparison Operators
            bool modifier
    Vector Matching
        One-to-One
        Many-to-One and group_left
        Many-to-Many and Logical Operators
            or operator
            unless operator
            and operator
    Operator Precedence
16. Functions
    Changing Type
        vector
        scalar
    Math
        abs
        ln, log2, and log10
        exp
        sqrt
        ceil and floor
        round
        clamp, clamp_max, and clamp_min
        sgn
        Trigonometric Functions
    Time and Date
        time
        minute, hour, day_of_week, day_of_month, day_of_year, days_in_month, month, and year
        timestamp
    Labels
        label_replace
        label_join
    Missing Series, absent, and absent_over_time
    Sorting with sort and sort_desc
    Histograms with histogram_quantile
    Counters
        rate
        increase
        irate
        resets
    Changing Gauges
        changes
        deriv
        predict_linear
        delta
        idelta
        holt_winters
    Aggregation Over Time
17. Recording Rules
    Using Recording Rules
    When to Use Recording Rules
        Reducing Cardinality
        Composing Range Vector Functions
        Rules for APIs
        How Not to Use Rules
    Naming of Recording Rules
V. Alerting
18. Alerting
    Alerting Rules
        for
        Alert Labels
        Annotations and Templates
        What Are Good Alerts?
    Configuring Alertmanagers in Prometheus
        External Labels
19. Alertmanager
    Notification Pipeline
    Configuration File
        Routing Tree
            Grouping
            Throttling and repetition
        Receivers
            Notification templates
            Resolved notifications
        Inhibitions
    Alertmanager Web Interface
VI. Deployment
20. Server-Side Security
    Security Features Provided by Prometheus
    Enabling TLS
    Advanced TLS Options
    Enabling Basic Authentication
21. Putting It All Together
    Planning a Rollout
    Growing Prometheus
    Going Global with Federation
    Long-Term Storage
    Running Prometheus
        Hardware
        Configuration Management
        Networks and Authentication
    Planning for Failure
        Alertmanager Clustering
        Meta- and Cross-Monitoring
    Managing Performance
        Detecting a Problem
        Finding Expensive Metrics and Targets
            Hashmod
        Reducing Load
        Horizontal Sharding
    Managing Change
    Getting Help
Index

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