Product Design and Development, 7th Edition
- Length: 448 pages
- Edition: 7
- Language: English
- Publisher: McGraw Hill
- Publication Date: 2019-07-19
- ISBN-10: 1260043657
- ISBN-13: 9781260043655
- Sales Rank: #333409 (See Top 100 Books)
Designed for use in the interdisciplinary courses on product development as well as by practicing professionals, Product Design and Development 7e strikes a balanced approach between theory and practice through the authors’ emphasis on methods.
Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page About the Authors Preface Acknowledgments Brief Contents Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Characteristics of Successful Product Development Who Designs and Develops Products? Duration and Cost of Product Development The Challenges of Product Development Approach of This Book Structured Methods Industrial Examples Organizational Realities Roadmap of the Book References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Question Chapter 2 Product Development Process and Organization The Product Development Process Concept Development: The Front-End Process Adapting the Generic Product Development Process Technology-Push Products Platform Products Process-Intensive Products Customized Products High-Risk Products Quick-Build Products Digital Products Product-Service Systems Complex Systems Product Development Process Flows The Tyco Product Development Process Product Development Organizations Organizations Are Formed by Establishing Links among Individuals Organizational Links May Be Aligned with Functions, Projects, or Both Choosing an Organizational Structure Distributed Product Development Teams The Tyco Product Development Organization Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 3 Opportunity Identification What Is an Opportunity? Types of Opportunities Tournament Structure of Opportunity Identification Effective Opportunity Tournaments Opportunity Identification Process Step 1: Establish a Charter Step 2: Generate and Sense Many Opportunities Techniques for Generating Opportunities Step 3: Screen Opportunities Step 4: Develop Promising Opportunities Step 5: Select Exceptional Opportunities Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 4 Product Planning The Product Planning Process Four Types of Product Development Projects The Process Step 1: Identify Opportunities Step 2: Evaluate and Prioritize Projects Competitive Strategy Market Segmentation Technological Trajectories Product Platform Planning Technology Roadmapping Evaluating Fundamentally New Product Opportunities Balancing the Portfolio Step 3: Allocate Resources and Plan Timing Resource Allocation Project Timing The Product Plan Step 4: Complete Pre-Project Planning Mission Statements Assumptions and Constraints Staffing and Other Pre-Project Planning Activities Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 5 Identifying Customer Needs The Importance of Latent Needs The Process of Identifying Customer Needs Step 1: Gather Raw Data from Customers Choosing Customers The Art of Eliciting Customer Needs Data Documenting Interactions with Customers Step 2: Interpret Raw Data in Terms of Customer Needs Step 3: Organize the Needs into a Hierarchy Step 4: Establish the Relative Importance of the Needs Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 6 Product Specifications What Are Specifications? When Are Specifications Established? Establishing Target Specifications Step 1: Prepare the List of Metrics Step 2: Collect Competitive Benchmarking Information Step 3: Set Ideal and Marginally Acceptable Target Values Step 4: Reflect on the Results and the Process Setting the Final Specifications Step 1: Develop Technical Models of the Product Step 2: Develop a Cost Model of the Product Step 3: Refine the Specifications, Making Trade-Offs Where Necessary Step 4: Flow Down the Specifications as Appropriate Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix Target Costing Chapter 7 Concept Generation The Activity of Concept Generation Structured Approaches Reduce the Likelihood of Costly Problems A Five-Step Method Step 1: Clarify the Problem Decompose a Complex Problem into Simpler Subproblems Focus Initial Efforts on the Critical Subproblems Step 2: Search Externally Interview Lead Users Consult Experts Search Patents Search Published Literature Benchmark-Related Products Step 3: Search Internally Both Individual and Group Sessions Can Be Useful Hints for Generating Solution Concepts Step 4: Explore Systematically Concept Classification Tree Concept Combination Table Managing the Exploration Process Step 5: Reflect on the Solutions and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 8 Concept Selection Concept Selection Is an Integral Part of the Product Development Process All Teams Use Some Method for Choosing a Concept A Structured Method Offers Several Benefits Overview of Methodology Concept Screening Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix Step 2: Rate the Concepts Step 3: Rank the Concepts Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts Step 5: Select One or More Concepts Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process Concept Scoring Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix Step 2: Rate the Concepts Step 3: Rank the Concepts Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts Step 5: Select One or More Concepts Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process Caveats Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix A Concept-Screening Matrix Example Appendix B Concept-Scoring Matrix Example Chapter 9 Concept Testing Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Concept Test Step 2: Choose a Survey Population Step 3: Choose a Survey Format Step 4: Communicate the Concept Matching the Survey Format with the Means of Communicating the Concept Issues in Communicating the Concept Step 5: Measure Customer Response Step 6: Interpret the Results Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix Estimating Market Sizes Chapter 10 Product Architecture What Is Product Architecture? Types of Modularity When Is the Product Architecture Defined? Implications of the Architecture Product Change Product Variety Component Standardization Product Performance Manufacturability Product Development Management Establishing the Architecture Step 1: Create a Schematic of the Product Step 2: Cluster the Elements of the Schematic Step 3: Create a Rough Geometric Layout Step 4: Identify the Fundamental and Incidental Interactions Delayed Differentiation Platform Planning Differentiation Plan Commonality Plan Managing the Trade-Off between Differentiation and Commonality Related System-Level Design Issues Defining Secondary Systems Establishing the Architecture of the Chunks Creating Detailed Interface Specifications Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 11 Industrial Design What Is Industrial Design? Assessing the Need for Industrial Design Expenditures for Industrial Design How Important Is Industrial Design to a Product? User Experience Needs Aesthetic Needs The Impact of Industrial Design Is Industrial Design Worth the Investment? How Does Industrial Design Establish a Corporate Identity? The Industrial Design Process 1. Investigation of Customer Needs 2. Conceptualization 3. Preliminary Refinement 4. Further Refinement and Final Concept Selection 5. Control Drawings or Models 6. Coordination with Engineering, Manufacturing, and External Vendors Management of the Industrial Design Process Timing of Industrial Design Involvement Assessing the Quality of Industrial Design 1. Usability 2. Emotional Appeal 3. Ability to Maintain and Repair the Product 4. Appropriate Use of Resources 5. Product Differentiation Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 12 Design for Environment What Is Design for Environment? Two Life Cycles Environmental Impacts History of Design for Environment Herman Miller’s Journey toward Design for Environment The Design for Environment Process? Step 1: Set the DFE Agenda: Drivers, Goals, and Team Identify the Internal and External Drivers of DFE Set the DFE Goals Set Up the DFE Team Step 2: Identify Potential Environmental Impacts Step 3: Select DFE Guidelines Step 4: Apply the DFE Guidelines to the Initial Product Design Step 5: Assess the Environmental Impacts Compare the Environmental Impacts to DFE Goals Step 6: Refine the Product Design to Reduce or Eliminate the Environmental Impacts Step 7: Reflect on the DFE Process and Results Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix Design for Environment Guidelines Chapter 13 Design for Manufacturing and Supply Chain Design for Manufacturing and Supply Chain Defined DFM Requires a Cross-Functional Team DFM Is Performed throughout the Development Process Overview of the DFM Method Step 1: Consider the Strategic Sourcing Decisions Step 2: Estimate the Manufacturing Costs Cost of Goods Fixed Costs versus Variable Costs The Bill of Materials Estimating the Costs of Standard Components Estimating the Costs of Custom Components Estimating the Costs of Assembly Estimating the Overhead Costs Step 3: Reduce the Costs of Components Understand the Process Constraints and Cost Drivers Redesign Components to Eliminate Processing Steps Choose the Appropriate Economic Scale for the Part Process Standardize Components Adhere to “Black Box” Component Procurement Step 4: Reduce the Costs of Assembly Integrate Parts Maximize Ease of Assembly Consider Customer Assembly Step 5: Reduce the Costs of Supporting Production Minimize Systemic Complexity Error Proofing Step 6: Reduce the Costs of Logistics Here are some guidelines for minimizing volume Step 7: Consider the Impact of DFM Decisions on Other Factors The Impact of DFM on Development Time The Impact of DFM on Development Cost The Impact of DFM on Product Quality The Impact of DFM on the Larger Enterprise Results Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix A Materials Costs Appendix B Component Manufacturing Costs Appendix C Assembly Costs Appendix D Cost Structures Chapter 14 Prototyping Understanding Prototypes Types of Prototypes What Are Prototypes Used For? Principles of Prototyping Analytical Prototypes Are Generally More Flexible Than Physical Prototypes Physical Prototypes Are Required to Detect Unanticipated Phenomena A Prototype May Reduce the Risk of Costly Iterations A Prototype May Expedite Other Development Steps A Prototype May Restructure Task Dependencies Prototyping Technologies CAD Modeling and Analysis 3D Printing Planning for Prototypes Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Prototype Step 2: Establish the Level of Approximation of the Prototype Step 3: Outline an Experimental Plan Step 4: Create a Schedule for Procurement, Construction, and Testing Planning Milestone Prototypes Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 15 Robust Design What Is Robust Design? Design of Experiments The Robust Design Process Step 1: Identify Control Factors, Noise Factors, and Performance Metrics Step 2: Formulate an Objective Function Step 3: Develop the Experimental Plan Experimental Designs Testing Noise Factors Step 4: Run the Experiment Step 5: Conduct the Analysis Computing the Objective Function Computing Factor Effects by Analysis of Means Step 6: Select and Confirm Factor Setpoints Step 7: Reflect and Repeat Caveats Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix Orthogonal Arrays Chapter 16 Patents and Intellectual Property What Is Intellectual Property? Overview of Patents Utility Patents Preparing a Disclosure Step 1: Formulate a Strategy and Plan Timing of Patent Applications Type of Application Scope of Application Step 2: Study Prior Inventions Step 3: Outline Claims Step 4: Write the Description of the Invention Figures Writing the Detailed Description Defensive Disclosure Step 5: Refine Claims Writing the Claims Guidelines for Crafting Claims Step 6: Pursue Application Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix A Trademarks Appendix B Advice to Individual Inventors Chapter 17 Service Design Product-Service Systems In What Ways Are Services and Products Different? The Service Design Process The Service Concept Concept Development at Zipcar The Service Process Flow Diagram Subsequent Refinement Downstream Development Activities in Services Prototyping a Service Growing Services Continuous Improvement Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 18 Product Development Economics Elements of Economic Analysis Quantitative Analysis Qualitative Analysis When Should Economic Analysis Be Performed? Economic Analysis Process Step 1: Build a Base-Case Financial Model Estimate the Timing and Magnitude of Future Cash Inflows and Outflows Compute the Net Present Value of the Cash Flows Other Cash Flows Supporting Go/No-Go and Major Investment Decisions Step 2: Perform Sensitivity Analysis Development Cost Example Development Time Example Understanding Uncertainties Step 3: Use Sensitivity Analysis to Understand Trade-Offs Potential Interactions Trade-Off Rules Limitations of Quantitative Analysis Step 4: Consider the Influence of Qualitative Factors Projects Interact with the Firm, the Market, and the Macro Environment Carrying Out Qualitative Analysis Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Appendix A Time Value of Money and the Net Present Value Technique Appendix B Modeling Uncertain Cash Flows Using Net Present Value Analysis Chapter 19 Project Management Understanding and Representing Tasks Sequential, Parallel, and Coupled Tasks The Design Structure Matrix Gantt Charts PERT Charts The Critical Path Baseline Project Planning The Contract Book Project Task List Team Staffing and Organization Project Schedule Project Budget Project Risk Plan Modifying the Baseline Plan Accelerating Projects Project Execution Coordination Mechanisms Assessing Project Status Corrective Actions Postmortem Project Evaluation Summary References and Bibliography Exercises Thought Questions Index
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