Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and Kinetics, Global Edition, 4th Edition
- Length: 682 pages
- Edition: 4
- Language: English
- Publisher: Pearson
- Publication Date: 2020-11-12
- ISBN-10: 1292347708
- ISBN-13: 9781292347707
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
For courses in Thermodynamics.
A visual, conceptual and contemporary approach to Physical Chemistry
Engel and Reids Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and Kinetics provides a contemporary, conceptual, and visual introduction to physical chemistry. The authors emphasise the vibrancy of physical chemistry today and illustrate its relevance to the world around us using modern applications drawn from biology, environmental science, and material science. The 4th Edition provides visual summaries of important concepts and connections in each chapter, offers students just in time math help, and expands content to cover science relevant to physical chemistry.
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Detailed Contents About the Authors Preface Math Essential 1: Units, Significant Figures, and Solving End of Chapter Problems 1 Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics 1.1 What Is Thermodynamics and Why Is It Useful? 1.2 The Macroscopic Variables Volume, Pressure, and Temperature 1.3 Basic Definitions Needed to Describe Thermodynamic Systems 1.4 Equations of State and the Ideal Gas Law 1.5 A Brief Introduction to Real Gases Math Essential 2: Differentiation and Integration 2 Heat, Work, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 2.1 Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 2.2 Heat 2.3 Work 2.4 Equilibrium, Change, and Reversibility 2.5 The Work of Reversible Compression or Expansion of an Ideal Gas 2.6 The Work of Irreversible Compression or Expansion of an Ideal Gas 2.7 Other Examples of Work 2.8 State Functions and Path Functions 2.9 Comparing Work for Reversible and Irreversible Processes 2.10 Changing the System Energy from a Molecular-Level Perspective 2.11 Heat Capacity 2.12 Determining U and Introducing the State Function Enthalpy 2.13 Calculating q, w, U, and H for Processes Involving Ideal Gases 2.14 Reversible Adiabatic Expansion and Compression of an Ideal Gas Math Essential 3: Partial Derivatives 3 The Importance of State Functions: Internal Energy and Enthalpy 3.1 Mathematical Properties of State Functions 3.2 Dependence of U on V and T 3.3 Does the Internal Energy Depend More Strongly on V or T? 3.4 Variation of Enthalpy with Temperature at Constant Pressure 3.5 How are and Related? 3.6 Variation of Enthalpy with Pressure at Constant Temperature 3.7 The Joule–Thomson Experiment 3.8 Liquefying Gases Using an Isenthalpic Expansion 4 Thermochemistry 4.1 Energy Stored in Chemical Bonds Is Released or Absorbed in Chemical Reactions 4.2 Internal Energy and Enthalpy Changes Associated with Chemical Reactions 4.3 Hess’s Law Is Based on Enthalpy Being a State Function 4.4 Temperature Dependence of Reaction Enthalpies 4.5 Experimental Determination of U and H for Chemical Reactions 4.6 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 5 Entropy and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics 5.1 What Determines the Direction of Spontaneous Change in a Process? 5.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Spontaneity, and the Sign of S 5.3 Calculating Changes in Entropy as T, P, or V Change 5.4 Understanding Changes in Entropy at the Molecular Level 5.5 The Clausius Inequality 5.6 The Change of Entropy in the Surroundings and Stot = S + Ssur 5.7 Absolute Entropies and the Third Law of Thermodynamics 5.8 Standard States in Entropy Calculations 5.9 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 5.10 Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle 5.11 How Does S Depend on V and T? 5.12 Dependence of S on T and P 5.13 Energy Efficiency, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators, and Real Engines 6 Chemical Equilibrium 6.1 Gibbs Energy and Helmholtz Energy 6.2 Differential Forms of U, H, A, and G 6.3 Dependence of Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies on P, V, and T 6.4 Gibbs Energy of a Reaction Mixture 6.5 Calculating the Gibbs Energy of Mixing for Ideal Gases 6.6 Calculating the Equilibrium Position for a Gas-Phase Chemical Reaction 6.7 Introducing the Equilibrium Constant for a Mixture of Ideal Gases 6.8 Calculating the Equilibrium Partial Pressures in a Mixture of Ideal Gases 6.9 Variation of Kp with Temperature 6.10 Equilibria Involving Ideal Gases and Solid or Liquid Phases 6.11 Expressing the Equilibrium Constant in Terms of Mole Fraction or Molarity 6.12 Expressing U, H, and Heat Capacities Solely in Terms of Measurable Quantities 6.13 A Case Study: The Synthesis of Ammonia 6.14 Measuring G for the Unfolding of Single RNA Molecules 7 The Properties of Real Gases 7.1 Real Gases and Ideal Gases 7.2 Equations of State for Real Gases and Their Range of Applicability 7.3 The Compression Factor 7.4 The Law of Corresponding States 7.5 Fugacity and the Equilibrium Constant for Real Gases 8 Phase Diagrams and the Relative Stability of Solids, Liquids, and Gases 8.1 What Determines the Relative Stability of the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Phases? 8.2 The Pressure–Temperature Phase Diagram 8.3 The Phase Rule 8.4 Pressure–Volume and Pressure–Volume–Temperature Phase Diagrams 8.5 Providing a Theoretical Basis for the P–T Phase Diagram 8.6 Using the Clausius–Clapeyron Equation to Calculate Vapor Pressure as a Function of T 8.7 Dependence of Vapor Pressure of a Pure Substance on Applied Pressure 8.8 Surface Tension 8.9 Chemistry in Supercritical Fluids 8.10 Liquid Crystal Displays 9 Ideal and Real Solutions 9.1 Defining the Ideal Solution 9.2 The Chemical Potential of a Component in the Gas and Solution Phases 9.3 Applying the Ideal Solution Model to Binary Solutions 9.4 The Temperature–Composition Diagram and Fractional Distillation 9.5 The Gibbs–Duhem Equation 9.6 Colligative Properties 9.7 Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation 9.8 Osmotic Pressure 9.9 Deviations from Raoult’s Law in Real Solutions 9.10 The Ideal Dilute Solution 9.11 Activities are Defined with Respect to Standard States 9.12 Henry’s Law and the Solubility of Gases in a Solvent 9.13 Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions 9.14 Solutions Formed from Partially Miscible Liquids 9.15 Solid–Solution Equilibrium 10 Electrolyte Solutions 10.1 Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Energy of Ion Formation in Solutions 10.2 Understanding the Thermodynamics of Ion Formation and Solvation 10.3 Activities and Activity Coefficients for Electrolyte Solutions 10.4 Calculating Using the Debye–Hückel Theory 10.5 Chemical Equilibrium in Electrolyte Solutions 11 Electrochemical Cells, Batteries, and Fuel Cells 11.1 The Effect of an Electrical Potential on the Chemical Potential of Charged Species 11.2 Conventions and Standard States in Electrochemistry 11.3 Measurement of the Reversible Cell Potential 11.4 Chemical Reactions in Electrochemical Cells and the Nernst Equation 11.5 Combining Standard Electrode Potentials to Determine the Cell Potential 11.6 Obtaining Reaction Gibbs Energies and Reaction Entropies from Cell Potentials 11.7 Relationship Between the Cell Emf and the Equilibrium Constant 11.8 Determination of E and Activity Coefficients Using an Electrochemical Cell 11.9 Cell Nomenclature and Types of Electrochemical Cells 11.10 The Electrochemical Series 11.11 Thermodynamics of Batteries and Fuel Cells 11.12 Electrochemistry of Commonly Used Batteries 11.13 Fuel Cells 11.14 Electrochemistry at the Atomic Scale 11.15 Using Electrochemistry for Nanoscale Machining 12 Probability 12.1 Why Probability? 12.2 Basic Probability Theory 12.3 Stirling’s Approximation 12.4 Probability Distribution Functions 12.5 Probability Distributions Involving Discrete and Continuous Variables 12.6 Characterizing Distribution Functions Math Essential 4: Lagrange Multipliers 13 The Boltzmann Distribution 13.1 Microstates and Configurations 13.2 Derivation of the Boltzmann Distribution 13.3 Dominance of the Boltzmann Distribution 13.4 Physical Meaning of the Boltzmann Distribution Law 13.5 The Definition of B 14 Ensemble and Molecular Partition Functions 14.1 The Canonical Ensemble 14.2 Relating Q to q for an Ideal Gas 14.3 Molecular Energy Levels 14.4 Translational Partition Function 14.5 Rotational Partition Function: Diatomic Molecules 14.6 Rotational Partition Function: Polyatomic Molecules 14.7 Vibrational Partition Function 14.8 The Equipartition Theorem 14.9 Electronic Partition Function 14.10 Review 15 Statistical Thermodynamics 15.1 Energy 15.2 Energy and Molecular Energetic Degrees of Freedom 15.3 Heat Capacity 15.4 Entropy 15.5 Residual Entropy 15.6 Other Thermodynamic Functions 15.7 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Kinetic Theory of Gases 16.1 Kinetic Theory of Gas Motion and Pressure 16.2 Velocity Distribution in One Dimension 16.3 The Maxwell Distribution of Molecular Speeds 16.4 Comparative Values for Speed Distributions 16.5 Gas Effusion 16.6 Molecular Collisions 16.7 The Mean Free Path 17 Transport Phenomena 17.1 What Is Transport? 17.2 Mass Transport: Diffusion 17.3 Time Evolution of a Concentration Gradient 17.4 Statistical View of Diffusion 17.5 Thermal Conduction 17.6 Viscosity of Gases 17.7 Measuring Viscosity 17.8 Diffusion and Viscosity of Liquids 17.9 Ionic Conduction 18 Elementary Chemical Kinetics 18.1 Introduction to Kinetics 18.2 Reaction Rates 18.3 Rate Laws 18.4 Reaction Mechanisms 18.5 Integrated Rate Law Expressions 18.6 Numerical Approaches 18.7 Sequential First-Order Reactions 18.8 Parallel Reactions 18.9 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants 18.10 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium 18.11 Perturbation-Relaxation Methods 18.12 The Autoionization of Water: A Temperature-Jump Example 18.13 Potential Energy Surfaces 18.14 Activated Complex Theory 18.15 Diffusion-Controlled Reactions 19 Complex Reaction Mechanisms 19.1 Reaction Mechanisms and Rate Laws 19.2 The Preequilibrium Approximation 19.3 The Lindemann Mechanism 19.4 Catalysis 19.5 Radical-Chain Reactions 19.6 Radical-Chain Polymerization 19.7 Explosions 19.8 Feedback, Nonlinearity, and Oscillating Reactions 19.9 Photochemistry 19.10 Electron Transfer 20 Macromolecules 20.1 What Are Macromolecules? 20.2 Macromolecular Structure 20.3 Random-Coil Model 20.4 Biological Polymers 20.5 Synthetic Polymers 20.6 Characterizing Macromolecules 20.7 Self-Assembly, Micelles, and Biological Membranes Appendix A Data Tables Credits Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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