Network Programming in Python: The Basic: A Detailed Guide to Python 3 Network Programming and Management

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Author
About the Reviewer
Acknowledgements
Preface
Errata
Table of Contents
1. Client-Server Networking: An Overview
    Structure
    Objective
    The Foundation: Stacks and Libraries
    Layers of Application
    Talking a protocol
    A Network Conversation in its Natural State
    Turtles, Turtles, Turtles
    The process of encoding and decoding
    The Internet Protocol (IP)
    Internet Protocol (IP Addresses)
    Routing
    Fragmentation of packets
    Learning More About internet protocol
    Conclusion
2. UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
    Structure
    Objective
    Numbers of particular service on the particular system.
    Communications connection point (Socket)
    Clients who are promiscuous and unwelcome responses
    Backoff, blocking, and timeouts are all examples of unreliability.
    UDP Socket Connection
    The Use of Request IDs Is a Good Idea
    From Binding till Interfaces
    Fragmentation of UDP
    Options for Sockets
    Broadcast
    When Should We Use UDP?
    Conclusion
3. Transmission control protocol (TCP)
    Structure
    Objective
    How transmission control protocol works
    When to use transmission control protocol
    TCP Sockets Mean?
    TCP Client and Server
    Each conversation one socket.
    Address that is in use.
    From Binding to Interfaces
    Deadlock
    Half-Open Connections, Closed Connections
    TCP Streams as Files
    Conclusion
4. Domain name system & socket names
    Structure
    Objective
    Sockets and Hostnames
    Five Socket Coordinates
    IPv6
    Modern Address Resolution
    Bind Your Server to a Port Using getaddrinfo()
    To connect to a service, use getaddrinfo().
    Getting a Canonical Hostname with getaddrinfo()
    Other getaddrinfo() Flags
    Primitive Name Service Routines
    In Your Own Code, Use getsockaddr()
    DNS Protocol
    Why Shouldn’t Use Raw DNS?
    Using Python to do a DNS query
    Getting Mail Domains Resolved
    Conclusion.
5. Data and Errors on the Internet
    Structure
    Objectives
    Strings and Bytes
    Character Strings
    Network Byte Order and Binary Numbers
    Quoting and framing
    Pickles and Self-delimiting Formats
    JSON And XML
    Compression
    Exceptions in the Network
    Raising More Specific Exceptions
    Network Exceptions: Detecting and Reporting
    Conclusion
6. SSL/TLS
    Structure
    Objectives
    What TLS Fails to Secure
    What Is the Worst That Could Happen?
    Producing Certificates
    TLS Offloading
    Default Contexts in Python 3.4
    Wrapping Sockets in Different Ways
    Ciphers chosen by hand and perfect forward security
    Support for TLS Protocol
    Details of Studying
    Conclusion
7. Architecture of the Server
    Structure
    Objectives
    A Few Remarks on Deployment
    A Basic Protocol
    A single-threaded server.
    Multiprocess and Threaded Servers
    The SocketServer Framework of the Past
    Async Servers
    Callback-Style asyncio
    Coroutine-Style asyncio
    The asyncore Legacy Module
    The Best of Both Worlds
    Under the Influence of inetd
    Conclusion
8. Message Queues and Caches
    Structure
    Objectives
    Using Memcached (memory caching)
    Hashing and Sharding
    Message Queues
    Using Python’s Message Queues
    Conclusion
9. HTTP Clients
    Structure
    Objectives
    Python Client Libraries
    Framing, Encryption, and Ports
    Methods
    Hosts and Paths
    Status Codes
    Validation and Caching
    Encoding of Content
    Negotiation of Content
    Type of Content
    Authentication over HTTP
    Cookies
    Keep-Alive, Connections, and httplib
    Conclusion
10. Servers that handle HTTP
    Structure
    Objectives
    Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI)
    Server-Frameworks that are asynchronous
    Proxies (Forward and Reverse)
    four architecture style.
    Python on Apache
    Pure-Python HTTP Servers on the Rise
    The Advantages of Reverse Proxies
    Platforms as a Service (PaaS)
    The REST Question and GET and POST Patterns
    Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI )Without a Framework
    Conclusion
11. www (world wide web)
    Structure
    Objectives
    URLs and hypermedia
    Creating and Parsing URLs
    URLs that are relative
    HTML(Hypertext Markup language )
    Using a Database to Read and Write
    A Horrible Internet Program (in Flask)
    The HTTP Methods and Forms Of Dance
    When Forms Use Inappropriate Methods
    Cookies that are safe and those that are not
    Cross-Site Scripting that isn’t persistent
    Cross-Site Scripting that Remains Persistent
    Forgery of Cross-Site Requests
    The Enhanced Software
    Django’s Payments Application
    Choosing a Framework for a Website
    WebSockets
    Scraping the Internet
    Obtaining Pages
    Pages for Scraping
    Recursive Scraping
    Conclusion
12. E-mail Construction And Parsing
    Structure
    Objectives
    Format of an Email Message
    Putting Together an E-Mail Message
    HTML and Multimedia Enhancement
    Content Creation
    E-mail Message Parsing
    MIME Parts on the Move
    Encodings for Headers
    Dates Parsing
    Conclusion
13. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP)
    Structure
    Objectives
    Webmail Services vs. E-mail Clients
    The Command Line Was the Beginning
    Clients are on the rise
    The Transition to Webmail
    SMTP’s Functions
    E-mail transmission
    The Envelope Recipient and the Headers
    Several Hops
    The SMTP Library is an introduction to the SMTP protocol
    Error Handling and Debugging Conversations
    Using EHLO to Gather Information
    Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
    SMTP authentication
    SMTP Pointers
    Conclusion
14. Post Office Protocol(POP)
    Structure
    Objectives
    Compatibility of POP Servers
    Authenticating and connecting
    Getting Access to Mailbox Information
    Messages are downloaded and deleted.
    Conclusion
15. Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
    Structure
    Objectives
    IMAP in Python: An Overview
    IMAPClient
    Folder Inspection
    UIDs vs. Message Numbers
    Message Intervals
    Information in Brief
    Obtaining a Complete Mailbox
    Individual Message Downloading
    Messages Can Be Flagged and Deleted
    Messages Can Be Deleted
    Searching
    Folders and Messages Manipulation
    Asynchrony
    Conclusion
16. SSH and Telnet
    Structure
    Objectives
    Automation using the command line
    Expansion of the Command Line and Quoting
    Arguments to Unix commands can contain (almost) any character.
    Characters I’ve Quoted for Protection
    Windows’ Horrible Command Line
    In a terminal, things are different.
    Terminals are responsible for buffering
    Telnet
    SSH: The Secure Shell
    SSH: A Quick Overview
    Host Keys for SSH
    Authentication with SSH
    Individual Commands and Shell Sessions
    SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)
    Additional Features
    Conclusion
17. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
    Structure
    Objectives
    What to Do If You Can’t Use FTP
    Channels of Communication
    In Python, how to use FTP
    Binary and ASCII Files
    Binary Downloading (Advanced)
    Data Uploading
    Uploading Binary Data in an Advanced Way
    Error Handling
    Searching via directories
    Detecting Directories and Downloading in Recursive Mode
    Creating and deleting directories
    Using FTP in a Secure Manner
    Conclusion
18. Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
    Structure
    Objectives
    RPC’s characteristics
    XML-RPC
    JSON-RPC
    Data that Documents Itself
    Talking About Objects: Pyro and RPyC
    An RPyC Example
    Message Queues, RPC, and Web Frameworks
    Errors in the Network: How to Recover
    Conclusion