Introduction to Biotechnology, Global Edition, 4th Edition
- Length: 448 pages
- Edition: 4
- Language: English
- Publisher: Pearson
- Publication Date: 2019-11-25
- ISBN-10: 1292261773
- ISBN-13: 0001292261773
- Sales Rank: #802529 (See Top 100 Books)
For courses in biotechnology. Introduction to Biotechnology brings the latest information students need to understand the science and business of biotechnology. The popular text emphasises the future of biotechnology and the biotechnology student’s role in that future with balanced coverage of basic cell and molecular biology, fundamental techniques, historical accounts, new advances, and hands-on applications. The 4th Edition features content updates in every chapter that reflect the most relevant, up-to-date changes in technology, applications, ethical issues, and regulations. Additionally, every chapter now includes an analytic Case Study that highlights current research and asks students to use what they’ve learned about key chapter concepts to answer questions. New Career Profiles, written by biotech professionals highlight potential jobs in the biotech industry. The chapter on biotechnology regulations has been revised to include regulations involving international bodies. The full text downloaded to your computer With eBooks you can: search for key concepts, words and phrases make highlights and notes as you study share your notes with friends eBooks are downloaded to your computer and accessible either offline through the Bookshelf (available as a free download), available online and also via the iPad and Android apps. Upon purchase, you’ll gain instant access to this eBook. Time limit The eBooks products do not have an expiry date. You will continue to access your digital ebook products whilst you have your Bookshelf installed.
Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page About the Authors Preface Contents Chapter 1 The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? A Brief History of Biotechnology The Do-It-Yourself Biotechnology Movement Biotechnology: A Science of Many Disciplines Products of Modern Biotechnology Ethics and Biotechnology 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Microbial Biotechnology Agricultural Biotechnology Animal Biotechnology Forensic Biotechnology Bioremediation Aquatic Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology Biotechnology Regulations The Biotechnology “Big Picture” 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology A Scenario in the Future: How Might We Benefit from the Human Genome Project? 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce The Business of Biotechnology Top Regions for Biotechnology Jobs What Is a Biotechnology Company? Jobs in Biotechnology Salaries in Biotechnology Hiring Trends in the Biotechnology Industry Questions & Activities Chapter 2 An Introduction to Genes and Genomes 2.1 A Review of Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 2.2 The Molecule of Life DNA Structure What Is a Gene? 2.3 Chromosome Structure, DNA Replication, and Genomes Chromosome Structure 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Copying the Code: Transcription Translating the Code: Protein Synthesis 2.5 Regulation of Gene Expression Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Noncoding RNAs and Their Roles in Regulating Gene Expression Bacteria Use Operons to Regulate Gene Expression 2.6 Mutations: Causes and Consequences Types of Mutations Mutations Are the Basis of Variation in Genomes and a Cause of Human Genetic Diseases 2.7 Revealing the Epigenome 2.8 Immune Response Mechanism in Prokaryotes Results in Extraordinary New Technology for Editing Genes In Vitro and In Vivo Questions & Activities Case Study Loss of Circular RNA Impacts miRNA Degradation and Brain Function Chapter 3 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics 3.1 Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Cloning Restriction Enzymes and Plasmid DNA Vectors Transformation of Bacterial Cells and Antibiotic Selection of Recombinant Bacteria Introduction to Human Gene Cloning and Expressing Proteins for Biotechnology Applications What Makes a Good Vector? 3.2 How Do You Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest? DNA Libraries: Collections of Cloned Genes 3.3 Laboratory Techniques and Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Restriction Mapping DNA Sequencing Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Third-Generation Sequencing Technology Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Southern Blotting Studying Gene Expression Analyzing Gene Function 3.4 Genomics and Bioinformatics: The Hottest Disciplines in the History of Biotechnology Whole-Genome Sequencing Bioinformatics: Merging Molecular Biology with Computing Technology Examples of Bioinformatics in Action A Genome Cloning Effort of Epic Proportion: The Human Genome Project What Have We Learned from the Human Genome? Accessing Human Genome Information Via the Internet The Human Genome Project Started an “Omics” Revolution After the HGP: What Is Next? 3.5 Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology Questions & Activities Case Study The PANTHER Database Chapter 4 Proteins as Products 4.1 Proteins as Biotechnology Products Biotech Drugs and Other Medical Applications Bioremediation: Treating Pollution with Proteins 4.2 Protein Structures Structural Arrangement Protein-Protein Interaction Map Created Protein Folding Post-Translational Protein Modifications Protein Engineering by Directed Molecular Evolution 4.3 Protein Production Protein Expression: Upstream Processing Protein Purification Methods: Downstream Processing Verification Preserving Proteins Scaling Up Protein Purification Postpurification Analysis Methods 4.4 Proteomics Questions & Activities Case Study Tau-Tau Protein Interaction in Alzheimer's Disease Study Chapter 5 Microbial Biotechnology 5.1 The Structure of Microbes Yeasts Are Important Microbes, Too 5.2 Microorganisms as Tools Microbial Enzymes Bacterial Transformation Cloning and Expression Techniques 5.3 Using Microbes for a Variety of Everyday Applications Food Products Therapeutic Proteins Using Microbes Against Other Microbes 5.4 Vaccines A Primer on Antibodies Types of Vaccines: How Are Vaccines Made? Major Targets for Vaccine Development 5.5 Microbial Genomics Why Sequence Microbial Genomes? Metagenomic Studies Sequence Genomes from Microbial Communities Viral Genomics Creating Synthetic Genomes 5.6 Microbial Diagnostics Detecting and Tracking Disease-Causing Microorganisms 5.7 Combating Bioterrorism Microbes as Bioweapons Targets of Bioterrorism Using Biotechnology against Bioweapons 5.8 Microbes for Making Biofuels Questions & Activities Case Study Designer Microbes Rely on Synthetic Amino Acids Chapter 6 Plant Biotechnology 6.1 Uses of Biotechnology to Enhance Selective Breeding Marker-Assisted Selection Mutation Breeding Protoplast Fusion 6.2 Genetic Engineering of Plants Using Agrobacterium to Insert Genes The Leaf Fragment Technique Gene Guns Chloroplast Engineering Gene Inactivation Using CRISPR-Cas Technology Antisense Technology Gene Stacking 6.3 Practical Applications Protecting Plants from Viruses Genetic Pesticides Herbicide Resistance Enhanced Nutrition “Biopharming” Engineered Deletion of Gene Promoters Rather Than Genes 6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns Concerns about Human Health Concerns about the Environment Regulations Questions & Activities Case Study Can RNA Interference Silence Genes in a Citrus Pest? Chapter 7 Animal Biotechnology 7.1 Animals in Research Why Use Animals in Research? Types of Animals Used in Research Regulations in Animal Research Alternatives to the Use of Animals Regulation of Animal Research Veterinary Medicine: Benefits for Humans and Animals 7.2 Cloning Creating Dolly: A Breakthrough in Cloning Limits to Cloning Human Organ Development in GM Animals 7.3 Transgenic Animals Transgenic Techniques GM Animals for the Agriculture Industry Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors Kidney on a Chip Determines Drug Dosing Gene Editing Technologies in Animals 7.4 Producing Human Antibodies in Animals Monoclonal Antibodies Questions & Activities Case Study Using Zebrafish as a Heart Disease Model Chapter 8 DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis 8.1 What Is a DNA Fingerprint? How Is DNA Typing Performed? 8.2 Preparing a DNA Fingerprint Specimen Collection Extracting DNA for Analysis PCR and STR Analysis STR Analysis 8.3 Putting DNA to Use The Narborough Village Murder Case Led to a New Method of DNA Separation How Significant Is Contamination? World Events Lead to the Development of New Technologies 8.4 DNA and the Rules of Evidence DNA Fingerprinting and the Chain of Evidence Human Error and Sources of Contamination DNA Forensics from “Touch DNA” 8.5 Familial Relationships and DNA Profiles Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Y-Chromosome Analysis 8.6 Nonhuman DNA Analysis Identifying Plants through DNA Protein Analysis May Join DNA Forensics Animal DNA Analysis Food Fraud—A Recent DNA Forensics Application Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Testing Questions & Activities Case Study Mouse Cell Line Contamination ID Using DNA Forensics Chapter 9 Bioremediation 9.1 What Is Bioremediation? Why Is Bioremediation Important? 9.2 Bioremediation Basics What Needs to Be Cleaned Up? Chemicals in the Environment Fundamentals of Cleanup Reactions The Players: Metabolizing Microbes Bioremediation Genomics Programs 9.3 Cleanup Sites and Strategies Soil Cleanup Bioremediation of Water 9.4 Turning Wastes into Energy 9.5 Applying Genetically Engineered Strains to Clean Up the Environment Petroleum-Eating Bacteria Engineering Microbes to Clean Up Heavy Metals Genetically Modified Plants and Phytoremediation Biosensors 9.6 Environmental Disasters: Case Studies in Bioremediation The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Oil Fields of Kuwait The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill 9.7 Challenges for Bioremediation Recovering Valuable Metals Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes Degrading Macro- and Microplastics in the Environment Questions & Activities Case Study Turning Outhouses into Light houses? Chapter 10 Aquatic Biotechnology 10.1 Introduction to Aquatic Biotechnology 10.2 Aquaculture: Increasing the World’s Food Supply through Biotechnology The Economics of Aquaculture Fish-Farming Practices Improving Strains for Aquaculture Enhancing the Quality and Safety of Seafood Barriers and Limitations to Aquaculture 10.3 Genetic Technologies and Aquatic Organisms Analysis of Novel Genes from Aquatic Species Genetic Manipulations of Finfish and Shellfish 10.4 Medical Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology Bioprospecting to Isolate Medicines from the Sea 10.5 Nonmedical Products A Potpourri of Products Aquatic Biomass and Bioprocessing Applications 10.6 Environmental Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology Antifouling Agents Biosensors Environmental Remediation Questions & Activities Case Study Massive Fish Escape Jeopardizes New Salmon Farm Chapter 11 Medical Biotechnology 11.1 Animal Models of Human Disease 11.2 Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease Conditions Biomarkers for Disease Detection The Human Genome Project Revealed Disease Genes on All Human Chromosomes Genetic Testing: Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities and Defective Genes 11.3 Sequence Analysis of Individual Genomes Whole-Exome Sequencing Genomic Analysis of Single Cells by DNA and RNA Sequencing Genome-Wide Association Studies Identify Genome Variations in Populations 11.4 Precision Medicine and Biotechnology What Is the Precision Medicine Initiative? Harnessing the Immune System for Treating Disease: Antibodies and Immunotherapy 11.5 Gene Therapy How Is It Done? Genome Editing Approaches for Gene Therapy Curing Genetic Diseases: Targets for Gene Therapy Challenges Facing Gene Therapy Future Challenges to Address 11.6 The Potential of Regenerative Medicine Cell and Tissue Transplantation Tissue Engineering Stem Cells Cloning Therapeutic Cloning and Reproductive Cloning Regulations Governing Embryonic Stem Cell and Therapeutic Cloning in the United States Questions & Activities Case Study Personal Genomics Helps Elizabeth Davis Walk Again Chapter 12 International Biotechnology Regulations 12.1 Overview of International Regulations 12.2 Protection of Human, Animal, and Plant Health Biotechnology for Disease Control, Surveillance, and Response Safe Handling, Transfer, and Use of Biological Materials Food Safety 12.3 Biodiversity Conservation and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 12.4 Management of Genetic Resources State Sovereign Rights The Nagoya Protocol International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework 12.5 Trade and Intellectual Property Rights Trade in Biotechnology Products Intellectual Property Rights Plant Variety Rights 12.6 Human Rights 12.7 Preventing the Hostile Use of Biotechnology 12.8 Role of Scientists in the Development of International Regulations Questions & Activities Case Study How Should the Safe Transport of Infectious Substances Be Ensured? Chapter 13 Ethics and Biotechnology 13.1 What Is Ethics? Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Ethical Exercise Warm-up 13.2 Examples of Ethics and Biotechnology Cells and Products GM Crops: Are You What You Eat? Animal Husbandry or Animal Tinkering? Synthetic Genomes and Synthetic Biology Drug Trials with Human Patients What Does It Mean to Be Human? Spare Embryos for Research Versus Creating Embryos for Research Should Humans and Other Animals Be Cloned for Any Reason? Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy Patient Rights and Biological Materials Genetic Information and Genetic Privacy More or Less Human? Genome Editing and Germline Gene Modifications 13.3 Economics, the Role of Science, and Communication Questions & Activities Case Study The GTEx Project, Cadavers, and Family Rights Appendix 1: Answers to Questions & Activities Appendix 2: The 20 Amino Acids of Proteins Credits Glossary Index
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