Intelligent Support for Computer Science Education: Pedagogy Enhanced by Artificial Intelligence
- Length: 306 pages
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- Publisher: CRC Press
- Publication Date: 2021-09-23
- ISBN-10: 1138052019
- ISBN-13: 9781138052017
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
Intelligent Support for Computer Science Education presents the authors’ research journey into the effectiveness of human tutoring, with the goal of developing educational technology that can be used to improve introductory Computer Science education at the undergraduate level. Nowadays, Computer Science education is central to the concerns of society, as attested by the penetration of information technology in all aspects of our lives; consequently, in the last few years interest in Computer Science at all levels of schooling, especially at the college level, has been flourishing. However, introductory concepts in Computer Science such as data structures and recursion are difficult for novices to grasp.
Key Features:
- Includes a comprehensive and succinct overview of the Computer Science education landscape at all levels of education.
- Provides in-depth analysis of one-on-one human tutoring dialogues in introductory Computer Science at college level.
- Describes a scalable, plug-in based Intelligent Tutoring System architecture, portable to different topics and pedagogical strategies.
- Presents systematic, controlled evaluation of different versions of the system in ecologically valid settings (18 actual classes and their laboratory sessions).
- Provides a time-series analysis of student behavior when interacting with the system.
This book will be of special interest to the Computer Science education community, specifically instructors of introductory courses at the college level, and Advanced Placement (AP) courses at the high school level. Additionally, all the authors’ work is relevant to the Educational Technology community, especially to those working in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, their interfaces, and Educational Data Mining, in particular as applied to human-human pedagogical interactions and to user interaction with educational software.
Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents About the Authors Contributors Preface Acknowledgments SECTION I: Four Scientific Pillars CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1. AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE 1.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK CHAPTER 2: Related Work 2.1. COGNITION AND MULTIPLE MODES OF LEARNING 2.1.1. Background 2.1.2. Nine Modes of Learning 2.1.2.1. Discussion 2.2. PRAGMATICS AND DIALOGUE PROCESSING 2.3. INTRODUCTORY COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION 2.3.1. Elementary and Secondary Education 2.3.2. From high school to college 2.3.3. Post-Secondary Education for CS Majors 2.4. INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS (ITSS) 2.4.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP) for ITSs 2.4.2. Modes of Learning and ITSs 2.4.2.1. Positive and Negative feedback 2.4.2.2. Worked-Out Examples 2.4.2.3. Analogy 2.5. ITSS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NLP 2.5.1. ITSs for CS 2.5.1.1. NLP in ITSs for CS SECTION II: From Human Tutoring to ChiQat-Tutor CHAPTER 3: Human Tutoring Dialogues and their Analysis 3.1. DATA COLLECTION 3.1.1. Learning Outcomes in Human Tutoring 3.1.2. Measuring Learning Gains 3.1.3. Learning E ects 3.2. TRANSCRIPTION AND ANNOTATION 3.2.1. Annotation 3.2.1.1. Validating the Corpus Annotation 3.3. DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS 3.3.1. Elementary Dialogue Acts 3.3.2. Student Initiative 3.3.3. Episodic Strategies 3.4. INSIGHTS FROM THE CORPUS: PEDAGOGICAL MOVES AND LEARNING 3.4.1. Individual Dialog Acts (Type 1 Models) 3.4.2. Sequences of Dialogue Acts (Type 2 Models) 3.4.2.1. Bigram Models 3.4.2.2. Trigram Models 3.4.3. Episodic Strategies (Type 3 Models) 3.4.3.1. Worked-Out Examples 3.4.3.2. Analogies 3.5. SUMMARY: INSIGHTS FROM HUMAN TUTORING ANALYSIS CHAPTER 4: ChiQat-Tutor and its Architecture 4.1. THE DOMAIN MODEL 4.1.1. Problem Definitions 4.1.2. Solution Definitions 4.1.3. Worked-Out Examples 4.1.4. The Procedural Knowledge Model 4.2. USER INTERFACE 4.3. A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF ChiQat-Tutor IN ACTION 4.3.1. Solution Evaluator 4.4. TUTOR MODULE 4.4.1. Code Feedback: Syntax and Executability 4.4.2. Reactive & Proactive Feedback 4.4.2.1. Reactive Procedural Feedback 4.4.2.2. Proactive Procedural Feedback 4.5. TRAINING THE PKM GRAPHS CHAPTER 5: Evaluation in the Classroom 5.1. EVALUATION METRICS 5.2. LEARNING WITH PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE FEEDBACK 5.2.1. Insights on Learning from Student Behavior and Perceptions of ChiQat-Tutor-v1 5.2.1.1. Student Behavior 5.2.1.2. Student Satisfaction 5.2.2. Chiqat-Tutor, Version 1: Summary of Findings 5.3. LEARNING WITH WORKED-OUT EXAMPLES AND ANALOGY 5.3.1. WOE and Analogy Conditions 5.3.1.1. Standard WOEs 5.3.1.2. Length and Usage of WOEs 5.3.1.3. Analogical Content in WOEs 5.3.2. Learning Linked Lists among Non-Majors 5.3.3. Learning Linked Lists Among Majors 5.3.4. Learning and Initial Student Knowledge 5.3.4.1. Mining the Logs: Predicting Initial Knowledge 5.3.5. Chiqat-Tutor, Version 2: Summary of Findings SECTION III: Extending ChiQat-Tutor CHAPTER 6: Beyond Linked Lists: Binary Search Trees and Re-cursion 6.1. BINARY SEARCH TREES 6.1.1. Pilot Evaluation 6.2. RECURSION 6.2.1. Models for Teaching Recursion 6.2.1.1. Conceptual Models 6.2.1.2. Program Visualization 6.2.2. A Hybrid Model for Teaching Recursion in ChiQat-Tutor 6.2.3. Evaluation of the Recursion Module 6.2.3.1. Experimental Protocol 6.2.3.2. Experiments at CMU Qatar 6.2.3.3. Experiments at UIC 6.2.4. Analysis of Students' Interactions with the System 6.3. SUMMARY CHAPTER 7: A Practical Guide to Extending ChiQat-Tutor 7.1. AN IMPLEMENTATION ARCHITECTURE 7.2. CASE STUDY: THE STACK TUTOR PLUGIN 7.2.1. Stack Plugin Design 7.2.2. Class Structure 7.2.3. Setting up the Stage 7.2.4. Graphical Interface 7.2.5. Stack Problem Logic and Feedback CHAPTER 8: Conclusions 8.1. WHERE WE ARE, AND LESSONS LEARNED 8.2. FUTURE WORK 8.2.1. Extending the Curriculum 8.2.2. Enhancing Communication with the Student 8.2.3. Mining the User Logs, and Deep Learning APPENDIX A: A Primer on Data Structures A.1. LINKED LISTS (LISTS) A.2. STACKS A.3. BINARY SEARCH TREES (BSTS) APPENDIX B: Pre-/Post-Tests B.1. PRE-/POST-TEST FOR HUMAN TUTORING B.2. PRE-/POST-TEST FOR CHIQAT (LINKED LIST PROBLEMS) APPENDIX C: Annotation Manuals C.1. DIALOGUE ACT MANUAL C.1.1. Direct Procedural Instruction: DPI C.1.2. Direct Declarative Instruction: DDI C.1.2.1. NOT DDI (NO!) C.1.2.2. DDI (YES!) C.1.3. Prompt C.1.3.1. Types of Prompts C.1.4. Feedback C.1.4.1. Positive Feedback C.1.4.2. Negative Feedback C.1.4.3. General Guidelines and Special Cases C.2. STUDENT INITIATIVE (SI) C.3. WORKED-OUT EXAMPLES C.3.1. Coding Categories C.3.2. Marking Worked-Out Examples C.3.2.1. Outline C.3.2.2. Examples C.4. ANALOGY CODING MANUAL C.4.1. Definition C.4.2. Analogous Terms C.4.3. Coding Category C.4.4. Marking Analogies C.4.4.1. Examples APPENDIX D: Linked List Problem Set D.1. PROBLEM 1 D.2. PROBLEM 2 D.3. PROBLEM 3 D.4. PROBLEM 4 D.5. PROBLEM 5 D.6. PROBLEM 6 D.7. PROBLEM 7 APPENDIX E: Stack Plugin Full Code E.1. PLUGININSTANCE.JAVA E.2. STACKVIEW.JAVA E.3. STACKPROBLEM.JAVA E.4. STACKPROBLEMSTEP.JAVA E.5. STACKPROBLEMFEEDBACK.JAVA E.6. STACKSTYLE.CSS Bibliography
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