How Things Work: The Technology Edition
- Length: 262 pages
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- Publisher: Chapman and Hall/CRC
- Publication Date: 2022-12-29
- ISBN-10: 0367697254
- ISBN-13: 9780367697259
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
It is beyond trite to say that technology is prevalent in our daily lives. However, many of us remain clueless as to how much of it works. Unfortunately, even for the curious among us, the Web is not always the best vehicle to acquire such knowledge: Information appears in fragments, some of it is incorrect or dated, and much of it serves as jargon-laden discussions intended for professionals.
How Things Work: The Technology Edition will serve as a compendium of tutorials. Each section will focus on one technology or concept and provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the subject matter. After finishing the book, readers will understand the inner workings of the technologies they use every day and, more importantly, they will learn how they can make these tools work for them. In addition, the book will also inform readers about the darker side of modern technology: Security and privacy concerns, malware, and threats from the dark web.
Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Acknowledgments CHAPTER 1: Introduction TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW Can We Ignore Technology? How Much Knowledge is Enough? Which Technologies are Important Study? So, What are the Objectives of This Book? ORGANIZATION FORMATTING CONVENTIONS SUMMARY CHAPTER 2: How Do Cell Phones Work? INTRODUCTION CELL PHONE DEVELOPMENT What is a Cell Phone? What is a Smartphone? Smartphones and Modern Life Cell Phone Network Evolution CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW What are Radio Waves? Frequencies and Channels Communication Systems WHAT IS A CELL NETWORK? Real-World Considerations Network Protocols ESN and SID Codes Mobile Identification Numbers ANATOMY OF A CELL PHONE CALL Connecting to a Network Receiving a Call Maintaining a Call Roaming Network Integration ADVANCED SECTION Sending Texts and Multimedia Messages SMS Messages MMS Messages Sending Texts via Email SUMMARY CHAPTER 3: How Does GPS Work? INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF GPS Military Roots Civilian Use Uses of GPS GPS INFRASTRUCTURE Satellite Network Ground Station Radar GPS Receivers GPS POSITION CALCULATION 2D Trilateration 3D Trilateration Global Positioning Assisted GPS GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS GIS Data GIS Data Representation Digital Maps ADVANCED SECTION Route Navigation Data Structures Game Trees Graphs Backtracking Route Calculation Real-World Considerations Privacy Issues SUMMARY CHAPTER 4: How Does Computer Hardware Work? INTRODUCTION WHAT IS DIGITIZATION? Keyboard Characters Digitized Images Digitized Sound Other Examples of Digitization WHAT’S INSIDE A COMPUTER? Basic Hardware Overview of Motherboard Components Central Processing Unit Memory The Bus The CPU The Control Unit Registers The Arithmetic/Logic Unit Main Memory The Bus Internal Bus External Bus INSTRUCTION EXECUTION Instruction Fetch Stage Instruction Decode Stage Instruction Execution Stage Rinse and Repeat ADVANCED SECTION What is a “Bit”? SUMMARY CHAPTER 5: What Is Software? INTRODUCTION What is Software? Software Layers Firmware and BIOS Operating System and Utilities Application Software WHAT DOES AN OPERATING SYSTEM DO? Process Lifecycle Management Resource and Hardware Management Operating System Architecture Application Interface The Kernel Device Drivers Software Resources Memory Management File System Management User Interfaces System Initialization (Booting) Security User Security Process Security Data Security Common Services and Utilities File Explorers Disk Administration Backup and Restore Clipboard Network Administration WHAT IS A COMPUTER APPLICATION? Where are Applications Used? Business Music Education Health Care Military HOW DO WE BUILD SOFTWARE? WHAT IS COMPUTER PROGRAMMING? WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE? A Brief History of Programming Languages Classes of Computer Languages Machine Languages Assembly Languages Structured Programming Languages Object-Oriented Programming Languages Miscellaneous Language Categories ADVANCED SECTION How Do Programs Execute? Compilation Interpretation SUMMARY CHAPTER 6: How Do Computers Communicate? INTRODUCTION NETWORK TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES Physical Transmission Media CAT 5 Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable Wireless Transmission Technologies Wi-Fi Bluetooth NETWORK COMPONENTS Interface Controllers Routers Hubs Switches Bridges Modems Firewalls NETWORK ORGANIZATION Network Scale PANs LANs CANs MANs WANs Network Topology Bus Network Star Network Client-Server Internetworking Intranet Extranets The Internet Darknets Security HOW DO NETWORKS WORK? Ethernet The TCP/IP Stack Data Link Layer The IP Layer The TCP Layer Application Layer Message Transmission Example ADVANCED SECTION What is Bluetooth? SUMMARY CHAPTER 7: How Does the Internet Work? INTRODUCTION HOW DOES INTERNET ADDRESSING WORK? What’s an IP Address? What’s DNS? What is DNS-to-MAC Addressing? What’s a URL? HOW DO WEB PAGES WORK? HOW DOES EMAIL WORK? WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING? ADVANCED SECTION Security and Privacy What Do People Know about You? Why Should You Care? General Concerns Monetization of Data Data Breaches Identity Theft Malware How Do Organizations Acquire Data? Free Services Tracking Your Surfing Device Fingerprinting Social Media How Can You Protect Yourself? Think before You Share Protect Passwords Log Off Browsers and Search Engines Wi-Fi Networks Update Software Anti-Malware Software Use a VPN Verify Invoices and Bills Clean Up Remain Wary The Dark Side SUMMARY CHAPTER 8: How Do Cryptocurrencies Work? INTRODUCTION WHAT IS MONEY? What is Commodity Money? What is Commodity-Backed Money? What is Fiat Money? How is Money Created? Why Do Currencies Have Value? What is a Digital Currency? WHAT IS CRYPTOCURRENCY? What are the Attributes of Cryptocurrency? Why Do Cryptocurrencies Have Value? How Do You Use Cryptocurrencies? HOW DO CRYPTOCURRENCIES WORK? What is a Public Ledger? What is a Digital Signature? What is a Digital Wallet? What is Digital Currency—Redux? HOW DOES BITCOIN WORK? What is Bitcoin’s Public Ledger? What is a Hash Function? What is a Proof of Work? What is a Blockchain? What is the Genesis Block? How Do Bitcoin Wallets Work? Types of Bitcoin Wallets What is Mining? How is a Bitcoin Transaction Confirmed? ADVANCED SECTION What are Other Uses of Blockchain Technology? SUMMARY CHAPTER 9: What Is Artificial Intelligence? INTRODUCTION WHAT IS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE? How Does the Human Brain Work? What are the Types of Neurons? WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? Historical Roots What is the Definition of AI? What are AI Levels? AI Cognitive Skills Human Intelligence vs. AI WHAT ARE THE BASIC TYPES OF AI? What are AI Subclasses? What are the Types of Learning Algorithms? Some Thoughts about Machine Learning USES OF AI Natural Language Processing Computer Vision Putting It All Together AI: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES HOW DO NEURAL NETWORKS FUNCTION? How Do Humans Learn? What is an Abstraction? How Do We Model Neurons? How Do We Model Artificial Neural Networks? How Do ANN Nodes Process Data? ANN Input Function ANN Activation Function How Does an ANN Work? How Do ANNs Learn? Other Neural Network Considerations What are Bias Nodes? What are Epochs? What is Learning Rate? What is Deep Learning? WHAT ARE OTHER TYPES OF NEURAL NETWORKS? Single-Layer Feed-Forward Network Multilayer Feed-Forward Network Convolutional Neural Networks Recurrent Neural Networks ADVANCED SECTION ANN Programming Example Program Description Coding Caveats Program Listing Program Description Program Execution Program Limitations SUMMARY CHAPTER 10: What Is Quantum Computing? INTRODUCTION WHAT IS QUANTUM MECHANICS? WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS? What is Wave-Particle Duality? What is the Uncertainty Principle? What is Superposition? What is Entanglement? WHAT IS QUANTUM COMPUTING? What is a Qubit? Superposition and Entanglement Redux How Fragile are Qubits? How Powerful are Quantum Computers? Quantum Supremacy How Accurate are Quantum Computers? WHAT ARE SOME USES OF QUANTUM COMPUTERS? Cryptography Quantum Simulation Optimization Machine Learning Searching Algorithms ADVANCED SECTION A Quantum Computing Example SUMMARY CHAPTER 11: What’s Next? INTRODUCTION WHAT IS IoT? ANYTHING AS A SERVICE TRANSPORTATION AS A SERVICE HUMAN AUGMENTATION METAVERSES AND EXTREME VIRTUALIZATION ROBOTS AND JOBS THE END OF PROGRAMMING? SUMMARY GLOSSARY OF TERMS READING LIST INDEX
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