Embodying Design: An Applied Science of Radical Embodied Cognition
- Length: 212 pages
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- Publisher: The MIT Press
- Publication Date: 2022-03-22
- ISBN-10: 0262543788
- ISBN-13: 9780262543781
- Sales Rank: #3388292 (See Top 100 Books)
Rethinking design through the lens of embodied cognition provides a novel way of understanding human interaction with technology.
In this book, Christopher Baber uses embodied cognition as a lens through which to view both how designers engage in creative practices and how people use designed artifacts. This view of cognition as enactive, embedded, situated, or distributed, without recourse to internal representations, provides a theoretical grounding that makes possible a richer account of human interaction with technology. This understanding of everyday interactions with things in the world reveals opportunities for design to intervene. Moreover, Baber argues, design is an embodied activity in which the continual engagement between designers and their materials is at the heart of design practice.
Baber proposes that design and creativity should be considered in dynamic, rather than discrete, terms and explores “task ecologies”–the concept of environment as it relates to embodied cognition. He uses a theory of affordance as an essential premise for design practice, arguing that affordances are neither form nor function but arise from the dynamics within the human-artifact-environment system. Baber explores agency and intent of smart devices and implications of tangible user interfaces and activity recognition for human-computer interaction. He proposes a systems view of human-artifact-environment interactions–to focus on any one component or pairing misses the subtleties of these interactions. The boundaries between components remain, but the borders that allow exchange of information and action are permeable, which gives rise to synergies and interactions.
Contents Preface 1. “Cut the Pie Any Way You Like, ‘Meanings’ Just Ain’t in the Head!” Introduction Cognition and Embodiment What Is Cognition, If It Is Not Information Processing? What Is Wrong with “Mental Models”? What Information Is Being Processed? What Is the “Mark of the Cognitive”? Perspectives on Embodied Cognition Radical Embodied Cognitive Science 2. Thinking, Acting, Creating Introduction Convergent and Divergent Thinking Problem-Solving Design Thinking Design and Cognition as Multi-Objective Satisfaction The Roles of Physical Action in Problem-Solving The Craft of Design 3. Understanding Task Ecologies Introduction The Environment as an Ecology How Do Actions and Ecologies Interact? Responding to Ecologies Salience, Action, and Information-as-Context Brunswik’s Lens Model Recognition-Primed Decision-Making A “Task Ecology” Studying Task Ecologies 4. Affordance Affordances Are Neither Form nor Function Formal Descriptions of Affordance Affordance, Capability, and Activity-Relevant Features Skilled Intentionality Framework The Politics of Affordance Affordances as Information Can Affordances Be Designed? 5. Ecological Interface Design Introduction Cognitive Work Analysis Decision Ladders and Decision Strategies Defining Information to Support “Skill-Based Activity” Ecological Interface Design Are Ecological Interface Designs Better than Traditional Designs? What Does Ecological Interface Design Tell Us about Radical Embodied Cognitive Science (and Vice Versa)? 6. Things That Think and Act Introduction Tangible User Interfaces Autonomy and “Smart” Technology Being Digital The “Internet of Things” Levels of Automation The Irony of Automation Agency and Artifacts Agency, Responsibility, and Theories of Mind 7. Recognizing Activity and Intent Introduction Reaching for Artifacts Control Theory and the Human-Artifact-Environment System Kalman Filters The Bayesian Brain The Bayesian Body Computer Recognition of Human Activity Recognizing Actions and Inferring Thoughts 8. Eventually Everything Connects Introduction Creativity and Design The Importance of Task Ecologies Affordances Activity and Intent What Is Wrong with “User-Centered” Design? What Can Design and Creativity Tell Radical Embodied Cognitive Science? Notes Preface Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Index
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