Distributed Systems with Node.js: Building Enterprise-Ready Backend Services

Foreword
Preface
    Target Audience
    Goals
    Conventions Used in This Book
    Using Code Examples
    O’Reilly Online Learning
    How to Contact Us
    Acknowledgments
1. Why Distributed?
    The Single-Threaded Nature of JavaScript
    Quick Node.js Overview
    The Node.js Event Loop
        Event Loop Phases
        Code Example
        Event Loop Tips
    Sample Applications
        Service Relationship
        Producer Service
        Consumer Service
2. Protocols
    Request and Response with HTTP
        HTTP Payloads
        HTTP Semantics
        HTTP Compression
        HTTPS / TLS
        JSON over HTTP
        The Dangers of Serializing POJOs
    API Facade with GraphQL
        GraphQL Schema
        Queries and Responses
        GraphQL Producer
        GraphQL Consumer
    RPC with gRPC
        Protocol Buffers
        gRPC Producer
        gRPC Consumer
3. Scaling
    The Cluster Module
        A Simple Example
        Request Dispatching
        Cluster Shortcomings
    Reverse Proxies with HAProxy
        Introduction to HAProxy
        Load Balancing and Health Checks
        Compression
        TLS Termination
        Rate Limiting and Back Pressure
    SLA and Load Testing
        Introduction to Autocannon
        Running a Baseline Load Test
        Reverse Proxy Concerns
            Establishing a baseline
            HTTP compression
            TLS termination
        Protocol Concerns
            JSON over HTTP benchmarks
            GraphQL benchmarks
            gRPC benchmarks
            Conclusion
        Coming Up with SLOs
4. Observability
    Environments
    Logging with ELK
        Running ELK via Docker
        Transmitting Logs from Node.js
        Creating a Kibana Dashboard
        Running Ad-Hoc Queries
    Metrics with Graphite, StatsD, and Grafana
        Running via Docker
        Transmitting Metrics from Node.js
        Creating a Grafana Dashboard
        Node.js Health Indicators
    Distributed Request Tracing with Zipkin
        How Does Zipkin Work?
        Running Zipkin via Docker
        Transmitting Traces from Node.js
        Visualizing a Request Tree
        Visualizing Microservice Dependencies
    Health Checks
        Building a Health Check
        Testing the Health Check
    Alerting with Cabot
        Create a Twilio Trial Account
        Running Cabot via Docker
        Creating a Health Check
5. Containers
    Introduction to Docker
    Containerizing a Node.js Service
        Dependency Stage
        Release Stage
        From Image to Container
        Rebuilding and Versioning an Image
    Basic Orchestration with Docker Compose
        Composing Node.js Services
    Internal Docker Registry
        Running the Docker Registry
        Pushing and Pulling to the Registry
        Running a Docker Registry UI
6. Deployments
    Build Pipeline with Travis CI
        Creating a Basic Project
        Configuring Travis CI
        Testing a Pull Request
    Automated Testing
        Unit Tests
        Integration Tests
        Code Coverage Enforcement
    Deploying to Heroku
        Create a Heroku App
        Configure Travis CI
        Deploy Your Application
    Modules, Packages, and SemVer
        Node.js Modules
        SemVer (Semantic Versioning)
        npm Packages and the npm CLI
            Controlling package content
            Dependency hierarchy and deduplication
    Internal npm Registry
        Running Verdaccio
        Configuring npm to Use Verdaccio
        Publishing to Verdaccio
7. Container Orchestration
    Introduction to Kubernetes
        Kubernetes Overview
        Kubernetes Concepts
        Starting Kubernetes
    Getting Started
    Deploying an Application
        Kubectl Subcommands
        Kubectl Configuration Files
    Service Discovery
    Modifying Deployments
        Scaling Application Instances
        Deploying New Application Versions
        Rolling Back Application Deployments
8. Resilience
    The Death of a Node.js Process
        Process Exit
        Exceptions, Rejections, and Emitted Errors
        Signals
    Building Stateless Services
        Avoiding Memory Leaks
        Bounded In-Process Caches
    External Caching with Memcached
        Introducing Memcached
        Running Memcached
        Caching Data with Memcached
        Data Structure Mutations
    Database Connection Resilience
        Running PostgreSQL
        Automatic Reconnection
        Connection Pooling
    Schema Migrations with Knex
        Configuring Knex
        Creating a Schema Migration
        Applying a Migration
        Rolling Back a Migration
        Live Migrations
            Live migration scenario
            Commit A: Beginning the transition
            Commit B: Backfill
            Commit C: Finishing the transition
    Idempotency and Messaging Resilience
        HTTP Retry Logic
        Circuit Breaker Pattern
        Exponential Backoff
    Resilience Testing
        Random Crashes
        Event Loop Pauses
        Random Failed Async Operations
9. Distributed Primitives
    The ID Generation Problem
    Introduction to Redis
    Redis Operations
        Strings
        Lists
        Sets
        Hash
        Sorted Sets
        Generic Commands
        Other Types
    Seeking Atomicity
    Transactions
    Lua Scripting
        Writing a Lua Script File
        Loading the Lua Script
        Tying It All Together
10. Security
    Wrangling Repositories
    Recognizing Attack Surface
        Parameter Checking and Deserialization
        Malicious npm Packages
    Application Configuration
        Environment Variables
        Configuration Files
        Secrets Management
    Upgrading Dependencies
        Automatic Upgrades with GitHub Dependabot
        Manual Upgrades with npm CLI
        Unpatched Vulnerabilities
    Upgrading Node.js
        Node.js LTS Schedule
        Upgrade Approach
A. Installing HAProxy
    Linux: Build from Source
    Linux: Install Precompiled Binary
    macOS: Install via Homebrew
B. Installing Docker
    macOS: Install Docker Desktop for Mac
    Linux: Convenient Install Script
C. Installing Minikube & Kubectl
    Linux: Debian Package and Precompiled Binary
    macOS: Install via Homebrew
Index