Deep Learning, Machine Learning and IoT in Biomedical and Health Informatics: Techniques and Applications
- Length: 384 pages
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- Publisher: CRC Press
- Publication Date: 2022-02-11
- ISBN-10: 0367544253
- ISBN-13: 9780367544256
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
Biomedical and Health Informatics is an important field that brings tremendous opportunities and helps address challenges due to an abundance of available biomedical data. This book examines and demonstrates state-of-the-art approaches for IOT and Machine Learning based biomedical and health related applications. This book aims to provide computational methods for accumulating, updating and changing knowledge in intelligent systems and particularly learning mechanisms that help us to induce knowledge from the data. It is helpful in cases where direct algorithmic solutions are unavailable, there is lack of formal models, or the knowledge about the application domain is inadequately defined. In the future IoT has the impending capability to change the way we work and live. These computing methods also play a significant role in design and optimization in diverse engineering disciplines. With the influence and the development of the IoT concept, the need for AI (artificial intelligence) techniques has become more significant than ever. The aim of these techniques is to accept imprecision, uncertainties and approximations to get a rapid solution. However, recent advancements in representation of intelligent IOT systems generate a more intelligent and robust system providing a human interpretable, low-cost, and approximate solution. Intelligent IOT systems have demonstrated great performance to a variety of areas including big data analytics, time series, biomedical and health informatics. This book will be very beneficial for the new researchers and practitioners working in the biomedical and healthcare fields to quickly know the best performing methods. It will also be suitable for a wide range of readers who may not be scientists but who are also interested in the practice of such areas as medical image retrieval, brain image segmentation, among others.
- Discusses deep learning, IOT, machine learning, and biomedical data analysis with broad coverage of basic scientific applications
- Presents deep learning and the tremendous improvement in accuracy, robustness, and cross-language generalizability it has over conventional approaches
- Discusses various techniques of IOT systems for healthcare data analytics
- Provides state-of-the-art methods of deep learning, machine learning and IoT in biomedical and health informatics
- Focuses more on the application of algorithms in various real life biomedical and engineering problems
Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgement Editors Contributors Part I: Machine Learning Techniques in Biomedical and Health Informatics Chapter 1: Effect of Socio-economic and Environmental Factors on the Growth Rate of COVID-19 with an Overview of Speech Data for Its Early Diagnosis 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Motivation and Research Objective 1.2 Databases and Socioeconomic, Environmental Features 1.2.1 Temperature (f1) 1.2.2 Happiness Index (f2) 1.2.3 Cleanliness Index (f3) 1.2.4 Gross Domestic Product (f4) 1.2.5 Pollution Index (f5) 1.2.6 Number of Caregivers/Nurses per 1000 People (f6) 1.2.7 Number of Physicians per 1000 People (f7) 1.2.8 Diabetes Prevalence (f8) 1.2.9 Population Aged over Sixty-five (f9) 1.2.10 Smokers above Age Fifteen (f10) 1.3 Growth Rate Calculation and Feature Selection 1.3.1 Growth Rate Calculation 1.3.2 Feature Selection 1.4 COVID-19 Speech Analysis 1.5 Conclusion References Chapter 2: Machine Learning in Healthcare: The Big Picture 2.1 Overview of Machine Learning 2.1.1 Why Should Machines Learn? 2.1.2 What Is Machine Learning? 2.1.3 Types of Machine Learning 2.1.3.1 Deductive Learning 2.1.3.2 Inductive Learning 2.1.4 Deep Learning 2.2 Driving Forces for ML in Healthcare 2.2.1 Big Data in Healthcare 2.2.2 Demographic Shift 2.2.3 Global Pandemic 2.2.4 Pervasive Medical Errors 2.2.5 Patient-Centric Healthcare 2.3 Opportunities for ML Applications 2.3.1 Disease Diagnosis 2.3.2 Medical Imaging Analysis 2.3.3 Medical Prognosis 2.3.4 Smart Record and Personalized Medicine 2.3.5 Robotic Surgery 2.3.6 Genomics and Proteomics 2.3.7 Drug Discovery 2.3.8 Clinical Trial 2.3.9 Epidemic Outbreak and Control 2.4 Key Challenges for ML in Healthcare 2.4.1 Causality Problem 2.4.2 Data Limitations 2.4.3 Model Interpretability Problem 2.4.4 Adoption Barriers 2.5 Conclusions References Chapter 3: Heart Disease Assessment Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Survey 3.3 Methodology 3.3.1 Proposed Methods 3.3.1.1 K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) 3.3.1.2 Random Forest Classification 3.3.1.3 Support Vector Machines 3.3.1.4 Naive Bayes Classification 3.3.1.5 Logistic Regression 3.4 Results 3.5 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Classification of Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset Using Support Vector Machine with Polynomial Kernel 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Background Details 4.3 Dataset Description 4.4 Methodology 4.4.1 SVM (Support Vector Machine) 4.4.2 SVM Kernel 4.4.2.1 Polynomial Kernel Function 4.4.2.1.1 Homogenous Polynomial Kernel Function 4.4.2.1.2 Inhomogeneous Polynomial Kernel Function 4.4.2.2 Gaussian RBF Kernel Function 4.4.2.3 Sigmoid Kernel Function 4.4.2.4 Linear Kernel Function 4.5 Performance Measures 4.5.1 Classification Accuracy 4.5.2 Sensitivity 4.5.3 Specificity 4.6 Simulation and Experimental Result 4.6.1 Gain Graph 4.6.2 Response Graph 4.7 Conclusion 4.8 Future Scope Reference Chapter 5: Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 Pandemic 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Survey 5.3 Proposed System 5.4 The Data from the World 5.5 Results 5.6 Discussion 5.7 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Variational Mode Decomposition Based Automated Diagnosis Method for Epilepsy Using EEG Signals 6.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces 6.2 Literature Review 6.2.1 EEG Signal Processing Techniques 6.2.2 Models and Methods of Classification Used 6.3 Dataset 6.4 Variational Mode Decomposition 6.5 Features 6.5.1 Second and Fourth Order Difference Plot and Computation of Ellipse Area 6.6 Features: Renyi Entropy 6.7 Features Used: Average Amplitude 6.8 Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Based Classification 6.9 Results and Discussion 6.10 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Soft-computing Approach in Clinical Decision Support Systems 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review 7.3 Incorporation of Databases into the CDSS System to Make It More Useful 7.4 CDSS Alerts, ADEs, and Physician Burnout 7.5 CDSS Security 7.6 Conclusion 7.6.1 Research Methodology 7.6.2 Findings Bibliography Chapter 8: A Comparative Performance Assessment of a Set of Adaptive Median Filters for Eliminating Noise from Medical Images 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Proposed Modified Circular Adaptive Median Filter 8.3 Simulation Study 8.3.1 Performance Indices 8.3.2 Simulation Results 8.4 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Chapter 9: Early Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease Using Motor, Non-Motor Features and Machine Learning Techniques 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Review of Related Literature 9.3 Materials and Methods 9.3.1 Dataset Collection 9.3.2 Feature Descriptions 9.3.3 Data Pre-Processing 9.4 Model Description 9.5 Result and Discussion 9.6 Conclusion 9.7 Future Work References Part II: Deep Learning Techniques in Biomedical and Health Informatics Chapter 10: Deep Neural Network for Parkinson Disease Prediction Using SPECT Image 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.2.1 Database 10.2.2 Image Processing 10.2.3 Methodology 10.2.3.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 10.2.3.2 Results and Discussion 10.2.3.3 Comparison with Related Work 10.3 Discussion 10.4 Conclusion References Chapter 11: An Insight into Applications of Deep Learning in Bioinformatics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Models in Deep Learning 11.2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 11.2.2 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) 11.2.3 Autoencoder 11.2.4 Deep Belief Network (DBN) 11.3 Deep Learning in Bioinformatics 11.3.1 Deep Learning for Omics 11.3.2 Deep Learning for Biomedical Imaging 11.3.3 Deep Learning for Biomedical Signal Processing 11.3.4 Transfer Learning for Bio Informatics (TL for Bioinformatics) 11.3.5 Deep Reinforcement Learning for Bioinformatics 11.3.6 Deep Few Shot Learning for Bioinformatics 11.3.7 Deep Learning for Public Health 11.4 Deep Learning in Bioinformatics: Challenges and Limitations 11.5 Conclusion References Chapter 12: Classification of Schizophrenia Associated Proteins Using Amino Acid Descriptors and Deep Neural Network 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Protein Dataset Preparation 12.2.1 Protein Sequence Databases 12.2.2 STRING Network Analysis 12.2.3 Three Dimensional Structure of DRD2 12.3 Feature Table Generation 12.3.1 Amino Acid Composition 12.3.2 Physicochemical Properties 12.3.3 Composition Transition Distribution 12.3.4 FASGAI Vectors 12.4 Deep Neural Network 12.5 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Deep Learning Architectures, Libraries and Frameworks in Healthcare 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Deep Learning 13.2.1 Overview of Deep Learning 13.2.2 Deep Learning Frameworks and Libraries 13.2.2.1 Tensorflow 13.2.2.2 Keras 13.2.2.3 PyTorch 13.2.2.4 Caffe 13.2.2.5 MXNet 13.2.2.6 Chainer 13.2.2.7 Deeplearning4J 13.3 Basic Deep Learning Architectures 13.3.1 Convolutional Neural Networks 13.3.2 Recurrent Neural Networks 13.3.2.1 Long-Short-Term-Memory 13.3.2.2 Gated Recurrent Unit 13.3.3 Deep Belief Networks 13.3.4 Generative Adversarial Networks 13.3.5 Multilayer Perceptron 13.3.6 Fully Connected Neural Networks 13.4 Advanced Deep Learning Architectures 13.4.1 AlexNet 13.4.2 VCG Net 13.4.3 GoogLeNet 13.4.3.1 ResNet 13.4.4 Deep Recurrent CNN 13.4.5 Mask Scoring R-CNN 13.4.6 Ordered Neurons LSTM 13.4.7 Spherical CNNs 13.4.8 ResNeXt 13.4.9 YOLO 13.4.10 SegNet 13.4.11 SqueezeNet 13.5 Conclusion References Chapter 14: Designing Low-Cost and Easy-to-Access Skin Cancer Detector Using Neural Network Followed by Deep Learning 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Local and Offline Deployment 14.1.2 Eliminating Custom Hardware Requirements 14.1.3 Diversifying Classification 14.2 Computer-Aided System for Skin Cancer Diagnosis 14.3 Proposed Method 14.3.1 Flow of a CNN Model 14.3.2 Building CNN 14.3.2.1 Layer 14.3.2.2 Layer 14.3.2.3 Layer 14.3.2.4 Layer 14.3.2.5 Layer 14.3.3 Feature Extraction 14.3.4 Activation Functions 14.4 Results and Discussions 14.4.1 Comparison with Machine Learning Approach 14.4.1.1 Mean 14.4.1.2 Area 14.4.1.3 Border 14.4.2 Comparison with Other CNN Models 14.5 Future Scope 14.6 Conclusion References Part III: Internet of Things (IoT) in Biomedical and Health Informatics Chapter 15: Application of Artificial Intelligence in IoT-Based Healthcare Systems 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Models of Health Care 15.3 Evolutionary Computing of Health Care 15.4 Artificial Neural Network for Health Care 15.5 A Probabilistic Model for Health Care 15.5.1 Risks of Probability Model in Healthcare 15.6 Big Data in Healthcare 15.6.1 Applications of Big Data in the Healthcare Sector 15.7 Data Mining in Healthcare 15.8 CI Applications in Healthcare 15.8.1 Increases Patient Engagement and Satisfaction 15.9 Organization of Deep Learning Applications for IoT in Healthcare 15.9.1 Internet of Healthy Things 15.9.2 Medical Diagnosis and Differentiation Applications 15.9.2.1 Automatic Diagnosis of Heart Disease 15.9.2.2 Automated EEG Disease Diagnosis 15.9.2.3 Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA) Diagnosis [ 60 ] 15.9.2.4 Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) 15.9.2.5 Syndrome Differentiation 15.9.2.6 Diagnosis and the Treatment for Lung Cancer 15.9.2.7 Classifying Melanoma Diseases 15.10 Home-Based and Personal Healthcare 15.10.1 Disease Prediction Applications 15.10.2 IoMT Monitoring Solutions 15.11 Medical Internet of Things 15.11.1 Analysis of the Physiological Parameters 15.12 Rehabilitation Systems 15.13 Skin Pathologies and Dietary Assessment 15.14 Epidemic Diseases Treatment and Location-Aware Solutions References Chapter 16: Computational Intelligence in IoT Healthcare 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Edge Intelligence in Healthcare System 16.3 Smart Healthcare Delivery System 16.4 AI on Edge Architecture in Computational Intelligence for Healthcare System 16.5 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Mellitus Management 16.6 Role of AI in Cardiovascular Disease Management 16.7 Role of AI in Neurodegenerative Diseases 16.8 Challenges of Computational Intelligence in IoT Healthcare 16.9 Role of AI in Helicobacter Pylori Detection 16.10 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References Chapter 17: Machine Learning Techniques for High-Performance Computing for IoT Applications in Healthcare 17.1 Introduction 17.2 The application of IoT in the Healthcare System 17.3 Data in Machine Learning for Healthcare 17.4 Traditional Centralized Learning: Machine Learning Runs in the Cloud, Gathering Data from Different Hospitals 17.5 Machine Learning Applications in Disease Prediction 17.5.1 Cancer 17.5.2 Diabetes 17.5.3 Cardiovascular Diseases 17.5.4 Chronic Kidney Disease 17.5.5 Parkinson Disease 17.5.6 Dermatological Diseases 17.6 Issues and Challenges 17.7 Conclusions References Chapter 18: Early Hypertensive Retinopathy Detection Using Improved Clustering Algorithm and Raspberry PI 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Preliminaries 18.2.1 Particle Swarm Optimization Clustering 18.2.2 Raspberry PI 18.3 Related Work 18.4 Methodology 18.4.1 Pre-processing 18.4.2 Segmentation 18.4.2.1 Elevated Continuous Particle Swarm Optimization Clustering 18.4.2.2 Feature Extraction 18.5 Experimental Results 18.5.1 Performance Analysis 18.6 Conclusion References Chapter 19: IoT Based Elderly Patient Care System Architecture 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Healthcare System Without Patient Mobility Support 19.3 Healthcare System with Patient Mobility Support 19.4 Existing Architectures of IoT Based Health Care System 19.4.1 Comparison of the Existing Health Care Systems 19.5 Proposed Architecture of IoT Based Elderly Patient Care System 19.5.1 Features of the Proposed Architecture 19.5.2 Advantages of the Proposed System 19.6 Discussion 19.7 Conclusion References Index
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