Blockchain for Healthcare Systems: Challenges, Privacy, and Securing of Data

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Blockchain Technology: A Strategic Resource
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Knowing about Blockchain
	1.3 Changing Landscape of Healthcare System
	1.4 Knowing about Strategic Resource
	1.5 Blockchain: A Strategic Resource
	1.6 Limitations of the Chapter
	1.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2 Blockchain Technology and Its Applications in the Healthcare Sector
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Blockchain Architecture
	2.3 Blockchain in Healthcare
	2.4 Applications of Blockchain in Healthcare
		2.4.1 Data Sharing among Different Stakeholders
		2.4.2 Data Management
		2.4.3 Health Insurance Claim Settlement
		2.4.4 Patient Digital Identity
		2.4.5 Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
	2.5 Challenges and Limitations of Blockchain Based Technologies
		2.5.1 Data Security and Privacy
		2.5.2 Interoperability
		2.5.3 System Evolvability
		2.5.4 Scalability
		2.5.5 Data Storage
	2.6 Future Research Directions
	2.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3 An Overview of Blockchain Technology Concepts from a Modern Perspective
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Blockchain Concept
	3.3 Blockchain Types
	3.4 Consensus Mechanism
	3.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
	3.6 Blockchain Applications
	3.7 Trends
	3.8 Discussion
	3.9 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4 Blockchain Technology: A Panacea for Medical Distribution Ailments
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Categories of Blockchain Structures
	4.3 Blockchain and Health Care Industry (Background)
	4.4 Process of Medical Supply Chain in Blockchain
		4.4.1 Clinical Trials
		4.4.2 Pharmaceutical
		4.4.3 Usability of Blockchain Technology in Claims of Supply Chain Management and Management of Medical Bills
			4.4.3.1 Management of Quality
		4.4.4 Internet of Medical Things
		4.4.5 Healthcare IoT and Medical Devices
			4.4.5.1 Healthcare IoT Infrastructure and Data Security
			4.4.5.2 Blockchain Use Cases in the Internet of Medical Things Lack of Standardization
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Innovation and Technologies
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Why Digital Transformation for Health care
	5.3 Digital Transformation Technologies in Health care
		5.3.1 Artificial Intelligence
		5.3.2 Digital Reality and Augmented Reality (AR)
		5.3.3 Cloud Computing
		5.3.4 Blockchain Technology
		5.3.5 Internet of Things (IoT)
			5.3.5.1 IoT for Physicians
			5.3.5.2 IoT for Patients
			5.3.5.3 IoT for Hospitals and Clinics
		5.3.6 Telemedicine
		5.3.7 Robotics
			5.3.7.1 Improving Accuracy
			5.3.7.2 Precise Diagnosis
			5.3.7.3 Remote Treatment
			5.3.7.4 Augmenting Human Abilities
			5.3.7.5 Supporting Mental Health and Daily Tasks
			5.3.7.6 Auxiliary Robots
		5.3.8 Chatbots
		5.3.9 Alexa
			5.3.9.1 Enhancing Clinic Interrelationships
			5.3.9.2 Handling Blood Pressure Alexa
			5.3.9.3 Deducting Wait Duration
		5.3.10 Big Data
			5.3.10.1 The Expectation of Patients for Strengthened Staffing
			5.3.10.2 Alerting in Real Time
			5.3.10.3 Informed Strategic Planning Utilizing Health Data
			5.3.10.4 Preventing Human Errors
	5.4 Benefits of Digital Transformation in Health care
		5.4.1 Better Services for Patients
		5.4.2 Better Analysis
		5.4.3 Better Organization
		5.4.4 Better Time Management
		5.4.5 Better Environment for Doctors
	5.5 Challenges in Digital Transformation
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6 Modernizing the Health Insurance Industry Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Literature Review
	6.3 Health Insurance
		6.3.1 Introduction
		6.3.2 Present State of Health Insurance Around the World
		6.3.3 Health Insurance in India
	6.4 Blockchain and Smart Contracts
		6.4.1 Introduction
		6.4.2 Public, Private, and Consortium Blockchains
		6.4.3 Blockchain Frameworks
		6.4.4 Capital Requirements for Setting Up a Centralized Blockchain for Healthcare
	6.5 Integrating Blockchain and Smart Contracts to Health Insurance
		6.5.1 Selecting a Blockchain Depending on the Type of Application and Data Sources
		6.5.2 Implementation of Smart Contracts in Health Insurance
		6.5.3 Insurance Procedure in Blockchain
		6.5.4 Pros and Cons
	6.6 Estonia’s Digital Health Database
	6.7 Future Research
	6.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7 Blockchain Technology Applications for Improving Quality of Electronic Healthcare System
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Blockchain Revolution: The Technical Implementations
	7.3 Blockchain in Healthcare System
		7.3.1 Current Healthcare System
		7.3.2 Clinical Health Data Exchange and Security
		7.3.3 Pharma Clinical Trials and Population Health Research
		7.3.4 Blockchains in Electronic Health Records (EHR)
		7.3.5 Drug Supply Chain Integrity and Provenance
		7.3.6 Blockchains in Pharmaceutical Industry and Research
		7.3.7 Blockchain Technology for Improving Clinical Research Quality
		7.3.8 Blockchain to Improve the Trustability of Clinical Trials
			7.3.8.1 Problems/Limitations
		7.3.9 Blockchain in Drug Traceability
		7.3.10 Patient Data Management
		7.3.11 Blockchain for Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Data Management
		7.3.12 Blockchain for EHR Data Management
		7.3.13 Blockchain for Point-of-Care Genomics
		7.3.14 Medical Insurance Storage System
		7.3.15 Secure Medical Data Sharing
		7.3.16 Location Sharing Scheme
	7.4 Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest
	References
Chapter 8 Computing Techniques for Securing Healthcare Data with Blockchain Technology
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Blockchain in Cloud
		8.1.2. Background
		8.1.3 Glimpses of Machine Learning
		8.1.4 Machine Learning and Blockchain chnology
		8.1.5 Machine Learning Application in the Blockchain Network
	8.2 Blockchain
		8.2.1 Core Components of Blockchain: The Components of Blockchain Are Described As
		8.2.2 Working of a Blockchain
		8.2.3 Blockchain Classes
	8.3 Healthcare Sector Used Blockchain Technology
		8.3.1 Components of Digital Health System
	8.4 Blockchain in Big Data Era
	8.5 Blockchain in Real Time Data
	8.6 Our Proposed Work
		8.6.2 Applications
		8.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Blockchain
		8.6.4 Issues and Challenges
	8.7 Conclusion
	8.8 Contribution
	References
Chapter 9 Blockchain-based Solutions for COVID-19: Challenges, Advantages, and Applications
	9.1 Introduction of Blockchain in Healthcare
	9.2 General Challenges Faced during COVID-19 Pandemic
		9.2.1 Disinfodemic
		9.2.2 Food Supply
		9.2.3 Medical Supply
		9.2.4 Education
		9.2.5 Social Distancing
		9.2.6 Government Essential Services
		9.2.7 Live Information Sharing
	9.3 Blockchain in Healthcare Sector: Promising Use Cases for Blockchain Technology in Healthcare
		9.3.1 Drug Traceability
		9.3.2 Clinical Trials
		9.3.3 Patient Data Management
	9.4 Blockchain and COVID-19: How COVID-19 Has Revealed Healthcare’s Blockchain Use Cases
		9.4.1 Contact Tracing
		9.4.2 Patient Record Sharing
		9.4.3 User Privacy
		9.4.4 Clinical Trial Management
		9.4.5 Medical Supply Chain
		9.4.6 Outbreak Tracing
	9.5 Advantages of Blockchain Technology for COVID-19
	9.6 Problems in the Adaptation of Blockchain in Healthcare
		9.6.1 Sustainability
		9.6.2 Transparency and Privacy
		9.6.3 Scalability
		9.6.4 Limited Storage Capacity
		9.6.5 Integration with Legacy Systems
		9.6.6 Shortage of Blockchain Developers
		9.6.7 Need Regulatory Clarity and Good Governance
		9.6.8 Environmental Cost
		9.6.9 Social Challenges
	9.7 Application of Blockchain Technology in Combating COVID-19
		9.7.1 Crisis Management
		9.7.2 Grant and Donations Monitoring
		9.7.3 Medical Supply Management and Fraud Detection
		9.7.4 Automated Surveillance and Tracing Disease Outbreaks
	9.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10 Managing Medical Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Problem Statement
		10.2.1 Counterfeiting of Drugs
		10.2.2 Counterfeiting (Threat to IPR)
		10.2.3 Loss of Legitimate Manufacturers
		10.2.4 Drug Shortage
		10.2.5 Sensitive Drug Shipping
		10.2.6 Data Security
	10.3 What Is Blockchain?
	10.4 Proposed Solution
		10.4.1 Blockchain in Supply Chain
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11 Sustainable and Effective Blockchain-based Solutions for the Security and Privacy of Healthcare Data
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Electronic Health Records and Cloud-Based Healthcare System
	11.3 Security Concern in Conventional Healthcare System
		11.3.1 Privacy of Patient Data
	11.4 Blockchain Overview
		11.4.1 Blockchain Technology in Healthcare System
		11.4.2 Features of Blockchain
		11.4.3 Types of Blockchain
		11.4.4 Consensus Mechanism in Blockchain
		11.4.5 Smart Contracts
		11.4.6 Applications of Blockchain in Health Data Systems
	11.5 Literature Review
	11.6 Sustainable and Pervasive Computing Paradigm
	11.7 Conclusion
	11.8 Future Work
	References
Chapter 12 Security and Privacy Concerns for Blockchain While Handling Healthcare Data
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Electronic Health Record Systems
	12.3 Blockchain
		12.3.1 Features of Blockchain
		12.3.2 Classification of Blockchain
		12.3.3 Smart Contract
		12.3.4 Digital Signature
		12.3.5 Blockchain in Healthcare
	12.4 State-of-the-Art Blockchain-Based EHR Systems
	12.5 Research Opportunities and Practical Challenges
	12.6 Summary
	References
Chapter 13 Blockchain Technology in Medical Data Management and Protection in India: The Law in the Making
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Position of Healthcare Data Management and the Use of Technology in India
	13.3 Challenges of Use of Technology in the Healthcare Sector
		13.3.1 Privacy Issues in Blockchain Technology
			13.3.1.1 Privacy and Data Protection
			13.3.2.2 Privacy and Consent
			13.3.2.3 The Concept of Illusory Consent!
			13.3.2.4 Over-Riding Consent
			13.3.2.5 The Position of Data Protection Law in India: Can the State Be Construed as the Modern Data Controller?
		13.3.2 Credibility
		13.3.3 Regulation
		13.3.4 Decentralisation
	13.4 Viability of Blockchain Technology
		13.4.1 Regulatory Directives to Collect Data of Patients (In India): A Case Study
		13.4.2 The Change in the Making
		13.4.3 Example of Incentive to Promote Blockchain
		13.4.4 How it Is Better Than Conventional (Traditional) Methods?
	13.5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	Notes
	References
Index