Bird’s Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 7th Edition
- Length: 576 pages
- Edition: 7
- Language: English
- Publisher: Routledge
- Publication Date: 2021-10-01
- ISBN-10: 0367672359
- ISBN-13: 9780367672355
- Sales Rank: #1719476 (See Top 100 Books)
Now in its seventh edition, Bird’s Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology introduces and covers theory through detailed examples and laboratory experiments, enabling students to gain knowledge required by technicians in fields such as engineering, electronics, and telecommunications. This edition includes several new sections, including glass batteries, climate change, the future of electricity production, and discussions concerning everyday aspects of electricity, such as watts and lumens, electrical safety, AC vs DC, and trending technologies.
The extensive and thorough topic coverage makes this a great text for a range of level 2 and 3 engineering courses, which has helped thousands of students succeed in their exams. It is also suitable for BTEC First, National and Diploma syllabuses, City & Guilds Technician Certificate and Diploma syllabuses, and Foundation Degrees in engineering.
Its companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/bird provides resources for both students and lecturers, including full solutions for all 900 further questions, lists of essential formulae, multiple-choice tests and illustrations, as well as full solutions to revision tests and lab experiments for course instructors.
Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Preface Section 1 Revision of some basic mathematics 1 Some mathematics revision 1.1 Use of calculator and evaluating formulae 1.2 Fractions 1.3 Percentages 1.4 Ratio and proportion 1.5 Laws of indices 1.6 Brackets 1.7 Solving simple equations 1.8 Transposing formulae 1.9 Solving simultaneous equations 2 Further mathematics revision 2.1 Radians and degrees 2.2 Measurement of angles 2.3 Trigonometry revision 2.4 Logarithms and exponentials 2.5 Straight line graphs 2.6 Gradients, intercepts and the equation of a graph 2.7 Practical straight line graphs 2.8 Calculating areas of common shapes Formulae for revision of some basic mathematics Multiple choice questions on chapters 1 and 2 Section 2 Basic electrical and electronic engineering principles 3 Units associated with basic electrical quantities 3.1 SI units 3.2 Charge 3.3 Force 3.4 Work 3.5 Power 3.6 Electrical potential and e.m.f. 3.7 Resistance and conductance 3.8 Electrical power and energy 3.9 Summary of terms, units and their symbols 4 An introduction to electric circuits 4.1 Electrical/electronic system block diagrams 4.2 Standard symbols for electrical components 4.3 Electric current and quantity of electricity 4.4 Potential difference and resistance 4.5 Basic electrical measuring instruments 4.6 Linear and non-linear devices 4.7 Ohm's law 4.8 Multiples and sub-multiples 4.9 Conductors and insulators 4.10 Electrical power and energy 4.11 Main effects of electric current 4.12 Fuses 4.13 Insulation and the dangers of constant high current flow Practical laboratory experiment: Ohm's law Which light bulb to choose? Watts or lumens? What uses the most energy in your home? 5 Resistance variation 5.1 Resistor construction 5.2 Resistance and resistivity 5.3 Temperature coefficient of resistance 5.4 Resistor colour coding and ohmic values 6 Batteries and alternative sources of energy 6.1 Introduction to batteries 6.2 Some chemical effects of electricity 6.3 The simple cell 6.4 Corrosion 6.5 e.m.f. and internal resistance of a cell 6.6 Primary cells 6.7 Secondary cells 6.8 Lithium-ion batteries 6.9 Cell capacity 6.10 Safe disposal of batteries 6.11 Fuel cells 6.12 Alternative and renewable energy sources 6.13 Solar energy 6.14 Glass batteries Revision Test 1 Some interesting facts about electricity Where is energy wasted in the home? 7 Series and parallel networks 7.1 Series circuits 7.2 Potential divider 7.3 Parallel networks 7.4 Current division 7.5 Loading effect 7.6 Potentiometers and rheostats 7.7 Relative and absolute voltages 7.8 Earth potential and short circuits 7.9 Wiring lamps in series and in parallel Practical laboratory experiment: Series-parallel d.c. circuit 8 Capacitors and capacitance 8.1 Introduction to capacitors 8.2 Electrostatic field 8.3 Electric field strength 8.4 Capacitance 8.5 Capacitors 8.6 Electric flux density 8.7 Permittivity 8.8 The parallel plate capacitor 8.9 Capacitors connected in parallel and series 8.10 Dielectric strength 8.11 Energy stored in capacitors 8.12 Practical types of capacitor 8.13 Supercapacitors 8.14 Discharging capacitors Electrical safety is essential ‒ electricity KILLS…! 9 Magnetic circuits 9.1 Introduction to magnetism and magnetic circuits 9.2 Magnetic fields 9.3 Magnetic flux and flux density 9.4 Magnetomotive force and magnetic field strength 9.5 Permeability and B ‒ H curves 9.6 Reluctance 9.7 Composite series magnetic circuits 9.8 Comparison between electrical and magnetic quantities 9.9 Hysteresis and hysteresis loss Revision Test 2 10 Electromagnetism 10.1 Magnetic field due to an electric current 10.2 Electromagnets 10.3 Force on a current-carrying conductor 10.4 Principle of operation of a simple d.c. motor 10.5 Principle of operation of a moving-coil instrument 10.6 Force on a charge Why are relays so important in electrical circuits? 11 Electromagnetic induction 11.1 Introduction to electromagnetic induction 11.2 Laws of electromagnetic induction 11.3 Rotation of a loop in a magnetic field 11.4 Inductance 11.5 Inductors 11.6 Energy stored 11.7 Inductance of a coil 11.8 Mutual inductance 12 Electrical measuring instruments and measurements 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Analogue instruments 12.3 Shunts and multipliers 12.4 Electronic instruments 12.5 The ohmmeter 12.6 Multimeters 12.7 Wattmeters 12.8 Instrument ‘loading’ effect 12.9 The oscilloscope 12.10 Virtual test and measuring instruments 12.11 Virtual digital storage oscilloscopes 12.12 Waveform harmonics 12.13 Logarithmic ratios 12.14 Null method of measurement 12.15 Wheatstone bridge 12.16 d.c. potentiometer 12.17 a.c. bridges 12.18 Q-meter 12.19 Measurement errors Are you competent to do electrical work? What is the difference between electrical and electronic devices? 13 Semiconductor diodes 13.1 Types of material 13.2 Semiconductor materials 13.3 Conduction in semiconductor materials 13.4 The p--n junction 13.5 Forward and reverse bias 13.6 Semiconductor diodes 13.7 Characteristics and maximum ratings 13.8 Rectification 13.9 Zener diodes 13.10 Silicon controlled rectifiers 13.11 Light emitting diodes 13.12 Varactor diodes 13.13 Schottky diodes 14 Transistors 14.1 Transistor classification 14.2 Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) 14.3 Transistor action 14.4 Leakage current 14.5 Bias and current flow 14.6 Transistor operating configurations 14.7 Bipolar transistor characteristics 14.8 Transistor parameters 14.9 Current gain 14.10 Typical BJT characteristics and maximum ratings 14.11 Field effect transistors 14.12 Field effect transistor characteristics 14.13 Typical FET characteristics and maximum ratings 14.14 Transistor amplifiers 14.15 Load lines Revision Test 3 Formulae for basic electrical and electronic principles What does an engineer do? Section 3 Further electrical and electronic principles 15 d.c. circuit theory 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Kirchhoff's laws 15.3 The superposition theorem 15.4 General d.c. circuit theory 15.5 Thévenin's theorem 15.6 Constant-current source 15.7 Norton's theorem 15.8 Thévenin and Norton equivalent networks 15.9 Maximum power transfer theorem Practical laboratory experiment: Superposition theorem Practical laboratory experiment: Thévenin's theorem 16 Alternating voltages and currents 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The a.c. generator 16.3 Waveforms 16.4 a.c. values 16.5 Electrical safety -- insulation and fuses 16.6 The equation of a sinusoidal waveform 16.7 Combination of waveforms 16.8 Rectification 16.9 Smoothing of the rectified output waveform Practical laboratory experiment: Use of an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency and phase Practical laboratory experiment: Use of an oscilloscope with a bridge rectifier circuit Revision Test 4 Electric shock! The war of the currents: AC v DC 17 Single-phase series a.c. circuits 17.1 Purely resistive a.c. circuit 17.2 Purely inductive a.c. circuit 17.3 Purely capacitive a.c. circuit 17.4 R --L series a.c. circuit 17.5 R --C series a.c. circuit 17.6 R--L--C series a.c. circuit 17.7 Series resonance 17.8 Q-factor 17.9 Bandwidth and selectivity 17.10 Power in a.c. circuits 17.11 Power triangle and power factor Practical laboratory experiment: Measurement of the inductance of a coil Practical laboratory experiment: Series a.c. circuit and resonance 18 Single-phase parallel a.c. circuits 18.1 Introduction 18.2 R --L parallel a.c. circuit 18.3 R --C parallel a.c. circuit 18.4 L --C parallel circuit 18.5 LR --C parallel a.c. circuit 18.6 Parallel resonance and Q -factor 18.7 Power factor improvement Practical laboratory experiment: Parallel a.c. circuit and resonance What everyday items in the home use motors? How does a car electrical system work? 19 Filter networks 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Two-port networks and characteristic impedance 19.3 Low-pass filters 19.4 High-pass filters 19.5 Band-pass filters 19.6 Band-stop filters 20 d.c. transients 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Charging a capacitor 20.3 Time constant for a C --R circuit 20.4 Transient curves for a C --R circuit 20.5 Discharging a capacitor 20.6 Camera flash 20.7 Current growth in an L --R circuit 20.8 Time constant for an L --R circuit 20.9 Transient curves for an L --R circuit 20.10 Current decay in an L --R circuit 20.11 Switching inductive circuits 20.12 The effects of time constant on a rectangular waveform Practical laboratory experiment: Charging and discharging a capacitor HSE and electrical safety What is electroplating? 21 Operational amplifiers 21.1 Introduction to operational amplifiers 21.2 Some op amp parameters 21.3 Op amp inverting amplifier 21.4 Op amp non-inverting amplifier 21.5 Op amp voltage-follower 21.6 Op amp summing amplifier 21.7 Op amp voltage comparator 21.8 Op amp integrator 21.9 Op amp differential amplifier 21.10 Digital to analogue (D/A) conversion 21.11 Analogue to digital (A/D) conversion Revision Test 5 Formulae for further electrical and electronic principles Section 4 Electrical power technology 22 Global climate change and the future of electricity generation 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Global climate change 22.3 Evidence of rapid climate change 22.4 Consequences of global climate change 22.5 How does electric power production affect the global climate? 22.6 Generating electrical power using coal 22.7 Generating electrical power using oil 22.8 Generating electrical power using natural gas 22.9 Generating electrical power using nuclear energy 22.10 Generating electrical power using hydro power 22.11 Generating electrical power using pumped storage 22.12 Generating electrical power using wind 22.13 Generating electrical power using tidal power 22.14 Generating electrical power using biomass 22.15 Generating electrical power using solar energy 22.16 Harnessing the power of wind, tide and sun on an ‘energy island’ -- a future possibility? Could we live without electricity? 23 Three-phase systems 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Three-phase supply 23.3 Star connection 23.4 Delta connection 23.5 Power in three-phase systems 23.6 Measurement of power in three-phase systems 23.7 Comparison of star and delta connections 23.8 Advantages of three-phase systems 24 Transformers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Transformer principle of operation 24.3 Transformer no-load phasor diagram 24.4 e.m.f. equation of a transformer 24.5 Transformer on-load phasor diagram 24.6 Transformer construction 24.7 Equivalent circuit of a transformer 24.8 Regulation of a transformer 24.9 Transformer losses and efficiency 24.10 Resistance matching 24.11 Auto transformers 24.12 Isolating transformers 24.13 Three-phase transformers 24.14 Current transformers 24.15 Voltage transformers Revision Test 6 Ten trending technologies 25 d.c. machines 25.1 Introduction 25.2 The action of a commutator 25.3 d.c. machine construction 25.4 Shunt, series and compound windings 25.5 e.m.f. generated in an armature winding 25.6 d.c. generators 25.7 Types of d.c. generator and their characteristics 25.8 d.c. machine losses 25.9 Efficiency of a d.c. generator 25.10 d.c. motors 25.11 Torque of a d.c. motor 25.12 Types of d.c. motor and their characteristics 25.13 The efficiency of a d.c. motor 25.14 d.c. motor starter 25.15 Speed control of d.c. motors 25.16 Motor cooling 26 Three-phase induction motors 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Production of a rotating magnetic field 26.3 Synchronous speed 26.4 Construction of a three-phase induction motor 26.5 Principle of operation of a three-phase induction motor 26.6 Slip 26.7 Rotor e.m.f. and frequency 26.8 Rotor impedance and current 26.9 Rotor copper loss 26.10 Induction motor losses and efficiency 26.11 Torque equation for an induction motor 26.12 Induction motor torque--speed characteristics 26.13 Starting methods for induction motors 26.14 Advantages of squirrel-cage induction motors 26.15 Advantages of wound rotor induction motors 26.16 Double cage induction motor 26.17 Uses of three-phase induction motors Revision Test 7 Formulae for electrical power technology Future technology snippets Answers to Practice Exercises Index
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