Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities and Villages: Advanced Technologies, Development, and Challenges

by Arun Negi, Ashok Kumar, Megha Bhushan, Sailesh Iyer, Tanupriya Choudhury

Length: 329 pages
Edition: 1
Language: English
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Publication Date: 2022-08-16
ISBN-10: 9815049267
ISBN-13: 9789815049268
Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)

Smart cities and villages have enhanced the quality of lives of residents. Various computer-assisted technologies have been harnessed for the development of smart cities and villages in order to provide solutions for common and niche urban problems. The development of smart environments has been possible due on advances in computing power and artificial intelligence (AI) that have allowed the deployment of scalable technologies. Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities and Smart Villages: Advanced Technologies, Development, and Challenges summarizes the role of AI in planning and designing smart solutions for urban and rural environments.

This book is divided into three sections to impart a better understanding of the topics to readers. These sections are:
1) Demystifying smart cities and villages: A traditional perspective,
2) Smart innovations for rural lifestyle management solutions, and
3) Case studies. Through this book, readers will be able to understand various advanced technologies that are vital to the development of smart cities and villages.

The book presents 15 chapters that present effective solutions to urban and rural challenges. Concepts highlighted in chapters include smart farms, indoor object classification systems, smart transportation, blockchains for medical information, humanoid robots for rural education, IoT devices for farming, and much more.

This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students across all disciplines, security providers in the IT and related fields, and trainees working for infrastructure management companies. Researchers and consultants at all levels working in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, IoT, blockchain, network security, and cloud computing will also find the contents beneficial in planning projects involving smart environments.

Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Emergence of Smart Cities
	Ipseeta Nanda1 and Dileep K. Mohanachandran2,*
	INTRODUCTION
	LITERATURE REVIEW
	CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION-SMART CITIES
	ROLE OF IOT
		Smart Cities and IoT Applications
		Components of the Smart City
	AI AND CITIES
	CASES FROM EUROPE: PLATFORMS OF AI IN SMART CITIES
		Smart Santander
		CitySDK
		Open Cities
		I-People
		IoTopen Platforms
			Sentilo
			IBM Intelligent Operation Center
			i-SCOPE
	SCOPE OF AI IN SMART CITIES
		Smart Flood Monitoring
		Smart Home
	SMART HOME FUNCTIONS
		[Alert]
			Alert
			Monitor
			Control
			Intelligence
		Smart Infrastructure
	AI AND WATER SUPPLY
	TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER
		Smart Gardening
		Biological Waste Treatment
		Smart Cities and Energy Management
			Artificial Intelligence and Smart Grid
			Application of Artificial Intelligence in Electricity Trading
			Artificial Intelligence in the Virtual Power Plant
			IoT Microgrids
			e. Smart Metres
			Failure Detection and Predictive Maintenance
			Pipeline Management
	THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS
		The Advantages of Applying Smart City Strategies
		Smart City Strategies' Disadvantages
		Smart City Policy Focus
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
	REFERENCES
Smart City and Village: Future Trends
	Arvind Shinde1, Suresh Iyer2,*, Khushboo Jain3 and Srilalitha Sagi4
	INTRODUCTION
	AMANORA SMART CITY MODEL
		The Idea Stage
		The Implementation Stage
	DIGITAL LIVING- PROJECT ERP
		Pre-Engineered Modular Design
		Employment Opportunities [6, 11]
		Challenges and Solutions [9, 11, 13]
		Types of Construction Technology Suited to the Challenge
		Challenges and Solutions
	CONCLUDING REMARKS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Humanoid Robot for Aadhaar Service in Rural Development
	Appala S. Muttipati1,*, Sangeeta Viswanadham2 and Bhramaji Godi3
	INTRODUCTION
		Aadhaar Features
			Distinctiveness
			Compactness
			Random in Nature
			Centralized Architecture
			Free Open-source Technologies
		Building Aadhaar Services with Artificial Intelligence Methods
		Aadhaar Services
			LPG Subsidy
			Monthly Pension
			E-Voting
			Provident Fund
			Digital Life Certificate
			Digital Locker
			Acquisition of Passport
			Jan Dhan Yojana
			Opening New Bank Account
			e-KYC Service
			Aadhaar Enrolment Process
	HUMANOID ROBOT
		The Role of Humanoid Robots in Aadhaar Services
		Aadhaar Service with Data Processing using Humanoid Robot
	FEATURES OF HUMANOID ROBOT
	WORKING PROCEDURE OF HUMANOID ROBOT
		Aadhaar Application Services (AAS)
	OPERATIONS OF HUMANOID ROBOT
		New Aadhar Card Enrollment/registration
			Collection of Physical Information
			Photo Identification
			Calculate the Distance Between the User and the Robot
			Ultrasonic Sensors
			Equipment Required
		Working
		Iris Scanning
		Updating Aadhaar Information
		Upload Original Documents for Proof
		Providing Acknowledge Slip with Challan for PVC Aadhaar Card
	CONCLUDING REMARKS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Adaptation of Blockchain in Internet of Medical Things for Remote Patient Monitoring
	Cinthia J. Godly1,*, Venki Balasubramanian1, Ram Srinivasan2 and Bevish Y. Jinila3
	INTRODUCTION
		IoMT
	BLOCKCHAIN FOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
	IMPLEMENTATION OF BLOCKCHAIN WITH IOMT
		PCA
		RPMS
		Implementation of the RPMS
		Smart Contracts Arrangement
		Cloud Storage
		Proof of Authority (PoA) Algorithm
		Overlay Network
	SSHEALTH ARCHITECTURE AND BLOCKCHAIN CONFIGURATION
		ssHealth Architecture
	COMPARISON OF THE IMPLEMENTATION METHODS
	APPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN WITH IOMT
	CHALLENGES OF IOMT
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Analysing Plant Leaf for Detecting Disease by using Convolutional Neural Network
	Ashutosh A. Abhangi1,* and Sailesh Iyer1
	INTRODUCTION
	ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
	NEURAL NETWORK
	CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK
		Process of CNN Classification
		Types of Layers
	LITERATURE REVIEW
	NEED OF RESEARCH
	WHY CNN?
	PROBLEM STATEMENT
	PROPOSED FRAMEWORK
		Leaf Image Acquisition
		RGB to Grayscale Image
		Step 1: Noise Filter
		Step 2: Adaptive Thresholding
	STUDY OF IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS
	IMPLEMENTATION
		Steps for Installation of OpenCV on Python
	RESULT OF LEAF DISEASE DETECTION
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Indoor Object Classification System using Neural Networks for Smart Environments
	Mouna Afif1,*, Riadh Ayachi1 and Mohamed Atri2
	INTRODUCTION
	STATE OF THE ART
	PROPOSED APPROACH FOR INDOOR OBJECTS RECOGNITION
	EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Smart Transportation Systems: Recent Developments, Current Challenges and Opportunities
	Aman Kumar1,*, Nishant Raj Kapoor1, Harish C. Arora1 and Ashok Kumar1
	INTRODUCTION
		Importance of Transportation
		Background of ITS
		Definitions of ITS
	INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
		Importance of Transportation
	ATMS IN ITS
	ARTS IN ITS
	APTS IN ITS
	CVO IN ITS
	AVCS IN ITS
	ATIS IN ITS
	ROLE OF LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN ITS
		Artificial Intelligence
	ML IN ITS
	DL IN ITS
	CURRENT STATUS OF ITS
		Challenges and Opportunities
		Fundamental Issues in Transportation System
		Financial Issues
		Policy Issues
		Education and Training Issues
		Safety Issues (System Security)
		Environmental Issues
	ITS IN INDIA
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Smart Cities for Premises Security
	Srujan K. Raju1,*, Vinayak G. Jagtap1 and Parag A. Kulkarni1
	INTRODUCTION
	SMART CITY
		Smart City: Difficulties
		Smart City: AI Applicability
		Smart City and AI: Premises Security
		Smart City: Video Surveillance Datasets
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
	REFERENCES
Intelligent IoT Enabled Lighting System
	Dankan G. Veeranna1,*, Ramesha Muniyappa2, Sridhara S. Boraiah3, Devananda S. Narayanappa4 and Manoj K. S. Boraiah5
	INTRODUCTION
	EXISTING LIGHTING STANDARDS
	GOALS OF THE IOT LIGHTENING STANDARD
	IOL ARCHITECTURE
	SENSORS FOR SMART LIGHTING PLATFORMS
	SECURITY VIEW
	STANDARDIZED COMMUNICATION INTERFACES FOR SMART LIGHTING
	IMPACTS OF SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS ON POWER CONSUMPTION
		Indoor Lighting
		Outdoor Lighting
	OPEN ISSUES AND FUTURE RESEARCH
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Traffic Sign Detection for Smart Public Transport Vehicles: Cascading Convolutional Autoencoder With Convolutional Neural Network
	Riadh Ayachi1,*, Mouna Afif1, Yahia Said1,2 and Abdessalem B. Abdelali1
	INTRODUCTION
	RELATED WORKS
	PROPOSED APPROACH
		Traffic Signs Detection Dataset
		Traffic Signs Detection Using a Cascaded Method
	EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
		Experimental Environment and Training
		Evaluation Metrics and Testing
		Comparative Study
		Ablation Study
	DISCUSSION
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
IoT Enabled Smart Village for Sustainable Development
	Dankan G. Veeranna1,*, Sridhara S. Boraiah2, Ramesha Muniyappa3, Manoj K. S. Boraiah4 and Devananda S. Narayanappa5
	INTRODUCTION
	NEED FOR SMART VILLAGE
		Collecting and Sending the Information
		Receiving and Acting
	COMPONENTS OF IOT
		Sensor
		Cloud
		Analytics
		User Interface
	CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT
		Intelligence
		Connectivity
		Expressing
		Sensing
		Energy
		Security
	APPLICATIONS OF IOT
		Scope
		IoT Security
		Audience for Learning
	THE IDEA OF A SMART VILLAGE
		Smart Buildings
		Smart Weather and Irrigation
		Smart Farming
		Smart Dairy
		Smart Healthcare
		Smart Surveillance System
		Smart Education
	IMPORTANCE OF IOT IN THE FUTURE MARKET
		Career Growth
	EXISTING SYSTEM
		Ration Management
		Milk Dairy Management
		Notification
		Labor Management
		Tax Payment
	PROPOSED SYSTEM
		Ration Management
		Milk Dairy Management
		Notification
		Labor Management
		Tax Payment
	ADVANTAGES
	LIMITATION
	FUTURE SCOPES
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Smart Villages-Scope for IoT and Cloud Applications
	P Lalitha S. Kumari1,*, Pasupuleti Sailaja1, Kommera K. Keerthana2 and Rasineni M. Mohana3
	INTRODUCTION
	TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT
		IoT Architecture
		Sensors/Devices Details
		Configuration of Data
		Coding Possibilities With Own Examples
		Example of the Sensors
		IoT AND CLOUD
		IoT Services on Cloud
		Web Services on Cloud
		Workflow in IoT
		Internet of Things and its layers
		IoT Data Storage in Cloud
		Secure Data Storage
		Cloud Interfaces for IoT
		Cloud Tools for IOT
	APPLICATIONS OF IOT IN RURAL AREAS
		Using Smart Sensor Technologies to Monitor Air Quality in Play Areas to PreventAsthmaattacks in Kinds
		Smartphone Detection System to Know the Crowd behavior in Markets
		Environmental Monitoring at Athens Airport by Using IoT Platform
		Fish Farming by Controlling Water Tanks in Vietnam
	USE CASES FOR PROPOSED APPLICATION IN IOT
		Case Study 1
		System Architecture
		Hardware and Software Specification:
		System Architecture:
		Hardware Requirement:
		Software Requirement:
		Case Study 3
		System Architecture:
		Hardware Requirement:
		Software Requirement:
		Case Study 4
		System Architecture:
		Hardware Requirement:
		Software Requirement:
		Case Study 5
		System Architecture:
		Hardware Requirement:
		Software Requirement:
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Humanoid Robots for Rural Education System
	Shenbagaraj Ramachandran1,*, SaileshIyer 1 and Kamaljit I. Lakhtaria2
	INTRODUCTION
	RELATED WORK
	HUMANOID ROBOTS AND THEIR ROLE IN LEARNING
	SUGGESTED IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY USING A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH
	EDUCATIONAL ROBOTS FOR COLLABORATIVE LEARNING THROUGH THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
	CONCLUDING REMARKS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Artificial Intelligence: A New Hope in Agriculture
	Giddaluru Somasekhar1,*, Kotagiri Srujanraju1, Manjaiah D. Huchaiah2 and Nuthanakanti Bhaskar1
	INTRODUCTION
	BACKGROUND
	NEW TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
		Use of Robotics
		Implementation of Computer Vision and Deep Learning Algorithms
		Predictive Analytics
		Precision Agriculture
		Effective Usage of Drones
		Self-driving Tractors
	USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
		Seasonal Forecasting
	CASE STUDIES
	RESEARCH SCOPE
	CONCLUDING REMARKS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Digital Farming a Crucial Enabler for Sustainable Indian Agriculture
	Elamurugan Balasundaram1,*, Anandavel Vadivel2 and Aranganathan Posarajan2
	INTRODUCTION
	A PRIMER ON DIGITAL FARMING
	ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL FARMING
	TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES TO DIGITAL FARMING
	INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SPATIAL DATA
		Artificial Intelligence
		Direct Benefit Transfers
		Digital Cash
		Robots
	SUGGESTIONS TO ADOPT DIGITAL FARMING IN INDIA
	CONCLUDING REMARKS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Smart Farming Solution for Crop Disease Prediction and Protection
	Poonam Chakravarty1,*, Jigar Pandya1, Yagnesh Rathod1 and Mohan Raj1
	INTRODUCTION
		AI and IoT in Diseases Prediction for Crop Protection
	PREDICTING AND PROTECTING WHEAT CROP DISEASES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
		Preparation of Dataset for Machine Learning
		Predicting
		Diseases Classification and Data Set Preparation
		PHASES OF WHEAT IMAGE PROCESSING
		Disease Detection Algorithm
	IMPROVED DCNN FOR DISEASES DETECTION OF MAIZE LEAF – CASE STUDIES
	ALGORITHMS FOR WHEAT CROP DISEASE: INTRODUCTION AND COMPARISON
		Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)
		Visual Geometry Group from Oxford (VGG16)
		ResNet50
		Advantages:
	ALGORITHM ACCURACY COMPARISON
	LEAF DISEASES IDENTIFICATION BY DCNN FOR TOMATO CROP – CASE STUDY
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Subject Index
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