Artificial Intelligence For Dummies, 2nd Edition

follow link Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Introduction About This Book Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here Part 1 Introducing AI Chapter 1 Introducing AI Defining the Term AI Discerning intelligence Discovering four ways to define AI Understanding the History of AI Starting with symbolic logic at Dartmouth Continuing with expert systems Overcoming the AI winters Considering AI Uses Avoiding AI Hype and Overestimation Defining the five tribes and the master algorithm Considering sources of hype Understanding user overestimation Connecting AI to the Underlying Computer Chapter 2 Defining the Role of Data Finding Data Ubiquitous in This Age Understanding Moore’s implications Using data everywhere Putting algorithms into action Using Data Successfully Considering the data sources Obtaining reliable data Making human input more reliable Using automated data collection Collecting personal data ethically Manicuring the Data Dealing with missing data Considering data misalignments Separating useful data from other data Considering the Five Mistruths in Data Commission Omission Perspective Bias Frame of reference Defining the Limits of Data Acquisition Considering Data Security Issues Understanding purposefully biased data Dealing with data-source corruption Cancelling botnets with sinkholing Chapter 3 Considering the Use of Algorithms Understanding the Role of Algorithms Understanding what algorithm means Planning and branching: Trees and nodes Extending the tree using graph nodes Traversing the graph Playing adversarial games Using local search and heuristics Discovering the Learning Machine Leveraging expert systems Introducing machine learning Touching new heights Chapter 4 Pioneering Specialized Hardware Relying on Standard Hardware Understanding the standard hardware Describing standard hardware deficiencies Relying on new computational techniques Using GPUs Considering the von Neumann bottleneck Defining the GPU Considering why GPUs work well Working with Deep Learning Processors (DLPs) Defining the DLP Using the mobile Neural Processing Unit (NPU) Accessing the cloud-based Tenser Processing Unit (TPU) Creating a Specialized Processing Environment Increasing Hardware Capabilities Adding Specialized Sensors Devising Methods to Interact with the Environment Part 2 Considering the Uses of AI in Society Chapter 5 Seeing AI Uses in Computer Applications Introducing Common Application Types Using AI in typical applications Realizing AI’s wide range of fields Considering the Chinese Room argument Seeing How AI Makes Applications Friendlier Performing Corrections Automatically Considering the kinds of corrections Seeing the benefits of automatic corrections Understanding why automated corrections don’t work Making Suggestions Getting suggestions based on past actions Getting suggestions based on groups Obtaining the wrong suggestions Considering AI-based Errors Chapter 6 Automating Common Processes Developing Solutions for Boredom Making tasks more interesting Helping humans work more efficiently Understanding how AI reduces boredom Considering how AI can’t reduce boredom Working in Industrial Settings Developing various levels of automation Using more than just robots Relying on automation alone Creating a Safe Environment Considering the role of boredom in accidents Using AI to avoid safety issues Understanding that AI can’t eliminate safety issues Chapter 7 Using AI to Address Medical Needs Implementing Portable Patient Monitoring Wearing helpful monitors Relying on critical wearable monitors Using movable monitors Making Humans More Capable Using games for therapy Considering the use of exoskeletons Addressing a Range of Physical Abilities Considering the software-based solutions Relying on hardware augmentation Seeing AI in prosthetics Completing Analysis in New Ways Relying on Telepresence Defining telepresence Considering examples of telepresence Understanding telepresence limitations Devising New Surgical Techniques Making surgical suggestions Assisting a surgeon Replacing the surgeon with monitoring Performing Tasks Using Automation Working with medical records Predicting the future Making procedures safer Creating better medications Combining Robots and Medical Professionals Chapter 8 Relying on AI to Improve Human Interaction Developing New Ways to Communicate Creating new alphabets Working with emoji and other meaningful graphics Automating language translation Incorporating body language Exchanging Ideas Creating connections Augmenting communication Defining trends Using Multimedia Embellishing Human Sensory Perception Shifting data spectrum Augmenting human senses Part 3 Working with Software-Based AI Applications Chapter 9 Performing Data Analysis for AI Defining Data Analysis Understanding why analysis is important Reconsidering the value of data Defining Machine Learning Understanding how machine learning works Understanding the benefits of machine learning Being useful; being mundane Specifying the limits of machine learning Considering How to Learn from Data Supervised learning Unsupervised learning Reinforcement learning Chapter 10 Employing Machine Learning in AI Taking Many Different Roads to Learning Discovering five main approaches to AI learning Delving into the three most promising AI learning approaches Awaiting the next breakthrough Exploring the Truth in Probabilities Determining what probabilities can do Considering prior knowledge Envisioning the world as a graph Growing Trees that Can Classify Predicting outcomes by splitting data Making decisions based on trees Pruning overgrown trees Chapter 11 Improving AI with Deep Learning Shaping Neural Networks Similar to the Human Brain Introducing the neuron Starting with the miraculous perceptron Mimicking the Learning Brain Considering simple neural networks Figuring out the secret is in the weights Understanding the role of backpropagation Introducing Deep Learning Explaining the differences between deep learning and other forms of neural networks Finding even smarter solutions Detecting Edges and Shapes from Images Starting with character recognition Explaining how convolutions work Advancing using image challenges Learning to Imitate Art and Life Memorizing sequences that matter Discovering the magic of AI conversations Going for the state of the pretrained art Making one AI compete against another AI Pondering reinforcement learning Part 4 Working with AI in Hardware Applications Chapter 12 Developing Robots Defining Robot Roles Overcoming the sci-fi view of robots Being humanoid can be hard Working with robots Assembling a Basic Robot Considering the components Sensing the world Controlling a robot Chapter 13 Flying with Drones Acknowledging the State of the Art Flying unmanned to missions Meeting the quadcopter Defining Uses for Drones Seeing drones in nonmilitary roles Powering up drones using AI Understanding regulatory issues Chapter 14 Utilizing the AI-Driven Car Getting a Short History Understanding the Future of Mobility Climbing the six levels of autonomy Rethinking the role of cars in our lives Taking a step back from unmet expectations Getting into a Self-Driving Car Putting all the tech together Letting AI into the scene Understanding that it’s not just AI Overcoming Uncertainty of Perceptions Introducing the car’s senses Putting together what you perceive Part 5 Considering the Future of AI Chapter 15 Understanding the Nonstarter Application Using AI Where It Won’t Work Defining the limits of AI Applying AI incorrectly Entering a world of unrealistic expectations Considering the Effects of AI Winters Understanding the AI winter Defining the causes of the AI winter Rebuilding expectations with new goals Creating Solutions in Search of a Problem Defining a gizmo Avoiding the infomercial Understanding when humans do it better Looking for the simple solution Chapter 16 Seeing AI in Space Observing the Universe Seeing clearly for the first time Finding new places to go Considering the evolution of the universe Creating new scientific principles Performing Space Mining Harvesting water Obtaining rare earths and other metals Finding new elements Enhancing communication Exploring New Places Starting with the probe Relying on robotic missions Adding the human element Building Structures in Space Taking your first space vacation Performing scientific investigation Industrializing space Using space for storage Chapter 17 Engaging in Human Endeavors Keeping Human Beings Popular Living and Working in Space Creating Cities in Hostile Environments Building cities in the ocean Creating space-based habitats Constructing moon-based resources Making Humans More Efficient Fixing Problems on a Planetary Scale Contemplating how the world works Locating potential sources of problems Defining potential solutions Seeing the effects of the solutions Trying again Part 6 The Part of Tens Chapter 18 Ten Occupational Categories that AI Can’t Replace Performing Human Interaction Teaching children Nursing Addressing personal needs Solving developmental issues Creating New Things Inventing Being artistic Imagining the unreal Making Intuitive Decisions Investigating crime Monitoring situations in real time Separating fact from fiction Chapter 19 Ten Substantial Contributions of AI to Society Considering Human-Specific Interactions Devising the active human foot Performing constant monitoring Administering medications Developing Industrial Solutions Using AI with 3-D printing Advancing robot technologies Creating New Technology Environments Developing rare new resources Seeing what can’t be seen Working with AI in Space Delivering goods to space stations Mining extraplanetary resources Exploring other planets Chapter 20 Ten Ways in Which AI Has Failed Understanding Interpreting, not analyzing Going beyond pure numbers Considering consequences Discovering Devising new data from old Seeing beyond the patterns Implementing new senses Empathizing Walking in someone’s shoes Developing true relationships Changing perspective Making leaps of faith Index EULA