6G: The Next Horizon: From Connected People and Things to Connected Intelligence

Length: 400 pages
Edition: 1
Language: English
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publication Date: 2021-06-30
ISBN-10: 1108839320
ISBN-13: 9781108839327
Sales Rank: #1509948 (See Top 100 Books)

The first book on 6G wireless presents an overall vision for 6G – an era of intelligence-of-everything – with drivers, key capabilities, use cases, KPIs, and the technology innovations that will shape it. These innovations include immersive human-centric communication, sensing, localization, and imaging, connected machine learning and networked AI, Industry 4.0 and beyond with connected intelligence, smart cities and life, and the satellite mega-constellation for 3D full-Earth wireless coverage. Also covered are new air-interface and networking technologies, integrated sensing and communications, and integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. In addition, novel network architectures to enable network AI, user centric networks, native trustworthiness are discussed. Essential reading for researchers in academia and industry working on B5G wireless communications.

Copyright
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Part I Introduction
	1 Mobile Communications Towards 2030 and Beyond
		1.1 Evolution of Mobile Communications
		1.2 Key Drivers
		1.3 Overall Vision
			1.3.1 Key Technology Trends
			1.3.2 Typical Use Cases
			1.3.3 Target KPIs
		1.4 Structure of the Book
		References
Part II Use Cases and Target KPIs
	Introduction to Part II
	2 Extremely Immersive Human-Centric Experience
		2.1 Ultimate Immersive Cloud VR
			2.1.1 Transmission Latency Requirements
			2.1.2 Throughput Requirements
			2.1.3 Summary of Main Requirements for Ultimate VR
		2.2 Haptic and Multi-Sensory Communication
			2.2.1 Teleoperation in Highly Dynamic Environments
			2.2.2 Main Requirements for Highly Dynamic Teleoperation
		2.3 Glass-Free 3D and Holographic Displays
			2.3.1 Background of Glass-Free 3D Displays
			2.3.2 Glass-Free 3D Image Reconstruction Techniques
			2.3.3 Resolution and Latency Requirements
			2.3.4 Main Requirements for Glass-Free 3D Displays
		References
	3 Sensing, Localization, and Imaging
		3.1 High-Accuracy Localization
			3.1.1 Absolute Localization
			3.1.2 Relative Localization
			3.1.3 Semantic Localization
		3.2 Simultaneous Imaging, Mapping, and Localization
			3.2.1 Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
			3.2.2 Indoor Imaging and Mapping
			3.2.3 Outdoor Imaging and Mapping
		3.3 Augmented Human Sensing
			3.3.1 Seeing Beyond the Eye – Ultra-High Resolution
			3.3.2 Seeing Beyond the Eye – Making the Invisible Visible
			3.3.3 Seeing Beyond the Eye – Spectrogram Recognition
		3.4 Gesture and Activity Recognition
			3.4.1 Contactless Control – Macro Recognition
			3.4.2 Contactless Control – Micro Recognition
		References
	4 Full-Capability Industry 4.0 and Beyond
		4.1 Factory of the Future
		4.2 Motion Control
		4.3 Collaborative Robots in a Group
		4.4 From Intelligent Cobots to Cyborgs
		References
	5 Smart City and Smart Life
		5.1 Smart Transportation
		5.2 Smart Building
		5.3 Smart Healthcare
		5.4 Smart Services Enabled by UAV
		References
	6 Global Coverage for Mobile Services
		6.1 Broadband Wireless Access for the Unconnected
			6.1.1 Mobile Broadband for the Unconnected
			6.1.2 Broadband Connection on the Move
			6.1.3 First Responder Communication and Disaster Relief
		6.2 Wide-Ranging IoT Services Extended to Unconnected Locations
		6.3 High-Precision Positioning and Navigation
		6.4 Real-Time Earth Observation and Protection
		References
	7 Connected Machine Learning and Networked AI
		7.1 AI-Enhanced 6G Services and Operations
			7.1.1 AI-Enhanced 6G Network Performance
			7.1.2 AI-Enhanced Network Operations
		7.2 6G-Enabled AI Services
			7.2.1 6G for Collaborative Intelligence and Real-Time Control
			7.2.2 6G for Large-Scale Intelligence
		References
	Summary of Part II
Part III Theoretical Foundations
	Introduction to Part III
	8 Theoretical Foundations for Native AI and Machine Learning
		8.1 Fundamental AI Theory
			8.1.1 Definitions
			8.1.2 Machine Learning Taxonomy
			8.1.3 Information Theoretic Principle of DNN
			8.1.4 DNN Implementations
		8.2 Distributed AI Theory
		8.3 Dynamic Bayesian Network Theory
		References
	9 Theoretical Foundations for Massive Capacity and Connectivity
		9.1 Electromagnetic Information Theory
		9.2 Large-Scale Communication Theory
		References
	10 Theoretical Foundations for Future Machine Type Communications
		10.1 Semantic Communication Theory
		10.2 Super-Resolution Theory
		References
	11 Theoretical Foundations for Energy-Efficient Systems
		11.1 Energy-Efficient Communication and Computation Theory
		11.2 Green AI Theory
		References
	Summary of Part III
Part IV New Elements
	Introduction to Part IV
	12 New Spectrum
		12.1 Global Spectrum Allocation of 5G up to 2020
		12.2 6G Spectrum Requirements
		12.3 Mid-Bands Remain the Most Cost-Effective Way for Wide Coverage
		12.4 Millimeter Wave Bands Become Mature in the 6G Era
		12.5 THz Bands Open New Possibilities for Sensing and Communication
		References
	13 New Channels
		13.1 New Requirements of 6G Channel Modeling
		13.2 Channel Measurement in 6G
			13.2.1 Channel Measurement in New Spectrum
			13.2.2 Channel Measurement in New Scenarios
		References
	14 New Materials
		14.1 Silicon Advancement
		14.2 Heterogeneous III-V Material Platform
		14.3 Reconfigurable Material
		14.4 Photonic Crystal
		14.5 Photovoltaics Material and Photodetector
		14.6 Plasmonic Material
		References
	15 New Antennas
		15.1 Photoconductive Lens Antenna
		15.2 Reflectarray and Transmitarray
		15.3 Metasurfaces
		15.4 Nano-Photodetectors
		15.5 Antenna-on-Chip and Antenna-in-Package
		15.6 Orbital Angular Momentum
		References
	16 THz Technology
		16.1 THz Components
			16.1.1 Electronic Approach
			16.1.2 Hybrid and Photonic Approaches
		16.2 THz Systems
			16.2.1 THz Communication Systems
			16.2.2 THz Imaging and Sensing Systems
		16.3 Challenges
		References
	17 Post Moore’s Law Computing
		17.1 Post Moore’s Law Era
		17.2 Neuromorphic Computing
		17.3 Quantum Computing
		17.4 New Computing Architectures
		References
	18 New Devices
		18.1 Future Mobile Devices
		18.2 Future Brain and Device Interface
		18.3 New Wearable
		References
	Summary of Part IV
Part V Enabling Technologies for 6G Air Interface Design
	Introduction to Part V
	19 Intelligent Air Interface Framework
		19.1 Background and Motivations
		19.2 Overview of Existing Technologies
			19.2.1 Spectrum Utilization and Energy Efficiency in NR
			19.2.2 AI/ML for the PHY Layer
			19.2.3 AI/ML for the MAC Layer
		19.3 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
			19.3.1 AI-Enabled Personalized Air Interface
			19.3.2 E2E AI-Based Link Design and Open Problems
		References
	20 Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Communication
		20.1 Background and Motivations
		20.2 Overview of Existing Solutions
		20.3 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
			20.3.1 Integrated Multi-Layer Network
			20.3.2 Enhanced Non-Terrestrial Communications
		References
	21 Integrated Sensing and Communication
		21.1 Background and Motivations
		21.2 Overview of Existing Solutions
		21.3 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
			21.3.1 System Design Aspects for Integrated Sensing and Communications
			21.3.2 RF Sensing Design and Algorithms
		References
	22 New Waveforms and Modulation Schemes
		22.1 Background and Motivation
		22.2 Overview of Existing Solutions
			22.2.1 Multi-Carrier Waveforms
			22.2.2 Single-Carrier Waveforms
			22.2.3 Modulation Schemes
			22.2.4 Sensing Waveforms
		22.3 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
		References
	23 New Coding
		23.1 Background and Motivations
		23.2 Channel Coding Schemes
			23.2.1 Background
			23.2.2 Target KPIs of 6G Channel Coding
			23.2.3 6G Channel Coding Design Principles
		23.3 Joint Source and Channel Coding
			23.3.1 Research Background
			23.3.2 JSCC Based on ML
			23.3.3 6G JSCC Design Principles
		23.4 PHY Network Coding
			23.4.1 Background
			23.4.2 6G PHY Network Coding Design Principles
		References
	24 New Multiple Access
		24.1 Background and Motivations
		24.2 Overview of Existing Solutions
			24.2.1 Orthogonal Multiple Access
			24.2.2 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
			24.2.3 Grant-Free MA
		24.3 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
			24.3.1 MA for Large-Capacity URLLC Services
			24.3.2 MA for Extremely Low-Cost and Low-Power Devices
			24.3.3 MA for Super-Massive Connectivity
			24.3.4 MA for Robust Beamforming
			24.3.5 MA with AI Assistance
		References
	25 Ultra-Massive MIMO
		25.1 Background and Motivations
		25.2 Overview of Existing Solutions
			25.2.1 MIMO Technologies for FR1
			25.2.2 MIMO Support for FR2
			25.2.3 Cooperative MIMO
		25.3 Emerging MIMO Technologies
			25.3.1 THz MIMO
			25.3.2 Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
			25.3.3 Extremely Large Aperture Arrays
			25.3.4 AI-Assisted MIMO
			25.3.5 Other Potential MIMO Technologies
		25.4 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
			25.4.1 Sensing-Assisted MIMO
			25.4.2 Controllable Radio Channel and Topology
			25.4.3 MIMO at FR2 and THz
			25.4.4 Extremely Large Aperture Arrays
			25.4.5 AI-Enabled MIMO
		References
	26 Integrated Super-Sidelink and Access Link Communication
		26.1 Background and Motivations
		26.2 Overview of Existing Solutions
		26.3 New Design Expectations and Potential Research Directions
			26.3.1 Enabling Technologies for Super-Sidelinks
			26.3.2 Integration of Super-Sidelinks with Access Links as One Design
		References
	Summary of Part V
Part VI New Features for 6G Network Architecture Design
	Introduction to Part VI
	27 Technologies for the Network AI Architecture
		27.1 Background
		27.2 Design Considerations and Principles
			27.2.1 Key Requirements
			27.2.2 Gaps
		27.3 Architectural Features
			27.3.1 Overall Design Scope
			27.3.2 Task-Oriented Communication
			27.3.3 Deeply Converged Computing and Communication at Edges
			27.3.4 AI Service Operations and Management
		References
	28 User-Centric Architecture Technologies
		28.1 Background
		28.2 Design Considerations and Principles
			28.2.1 Lessons Learned from Current Networks
			28.2.2 Key Requirements
		28.3 Architecture Features
			28.3.1 Decentralized Architecture for User-Centric Design
			28.3.2 Fusion of the Physical and Cyber Worlds
			28.3.3 Digital Asset Management
		References
	29 Native Trustworthiness
		29.1 Background of Trustworthiness
			29.1.1 From Philosophy to Society
			29.1.2 From Society to Industry
		29.2 Complex Communication Trustworthiness
		29.3 Trustworthiness Design Rules
			29.3.1 Principles
			29.3.2 Objectives
		29.4 Trustworthiness Technologies
			29.4.1 Multi-Lateral Trust Model
			29.4.2 Distributed Ledger Technology
			29.4.3 Post Quantum Cryptography
			29.4.4 Autonomous Security
		References
	30 Data Governance Architecture Technologies
		30.1 Background
		30.2 Design Considerations and Principles
		30.3 Architecture Features
			30.3.1 Independent Data Plane
			30.3.2 Data Governance Multi-Player Roles
			30.3.3 Data Resource
			30.3.4 Data Collection
			30.3.5 Data Analytics
			30.3.6 Data Desensitization
		References
	31 Multi-Player Ecosystem Architecture Technologies
		31.1 Background
		31.2 Design Considerations and Principles
		31.3 Architecture Features
			31.3.1 Distributed Ledger Technology
			31.3.2 Multi-Player Platform
			31.3.3 Identity Management
			31.3.4 Data Management
			31.3.5 Network Control
			31.3.6 Operation and Business Support
		References
	32 Non-Terrestrial Network Integrated Architecture Technologies
		32.1 Background
		32.2 Design Considerations and Principles
			32.2.1 Satellite Constellation
			32.2.2 Low Latency at Global Scale
			32.2.3 Connectivity Provisioning
			32.2.4 Multi-Service Capability
		32.3 Architecture Features
			32.3.1 Latency
			32.3.2 Connectivity Models
			32.3.3 Routing in Space
			32.3.4 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
		References
		Summary of Part VI
Part VII Summary and Future Work
	33 6G Ecosystem and Roadmap
		33.1 6G Initiatives and Ecosystem
			33.1.1 ITU-R Initiatives
			33.1.2 Regional Activities
			33.1.3 Views from Industry and Academia
		33.2 Roadmap to 2030
		References
Index