5G System Design: An End to End Perspective, 2nd Edition
- Length: 702 pages
- Edition: 2
- Language: English
- Publisher: Springer
- Publication Date: 2021-08-12
- ISBN-10: 3030737020
- ISBN-13: 9783030737023
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
This book presents a detailed pedagogical description of the 5G commercial wireless communication system design, from an end to end perspective, by those that were intimate with its development. The exposition only assumes that the reader is passingly familiar with LTE and builds upon that knowledge. By comparing and contrasting NR with LTE, it allows for quick mastering of 5G. As such it gives concise and highly accessible description of the key technologies in the 5G physical layer, radio access network layer protocols and procedures, how the 5G core and EPC is integrated into the radio access network, how virtualization, slicing and edge computer will fundamentally change the way we interact with the network, as well as 5G spectrum issues.
The 2nd edition of this book significantly enhances and updates the first edition by adding 5G security and Release-16 developments. Loosely speaking, 5G Release-15 can be characterized as being optimized for the cellular carrier eMBB service while 5G Release-16 is the beginning of the optimization of 5G for the vertical industries. It mainly focused on the support of the vehicular vertical and Industrial Internet of Things. As such, we have significantly altered the first edition to cover the key features standardized in Release-16 including: URLLC, V2X, IIoT, enhanced MIMO, unlicensed access, positioning, power savings and IAB. On the network side, detailed discussion covers NR security as well as the newly standardized access traffic steering, non 3GPP access switching and splitting features, non 3GPP access network support and private networks.
Engineers, computer scientists and professionals from those with a passing knowledge of 4G LTE to experts in the field will find this book to be a valuable asset. They will gain a comprehensive understanding of the end to end 5G commercial wireless system. Advanced-level students and researchers studying and working in communication engineering, who want to gain an understanding of the 5G system (as well as methodologies to evaluate features and technologies intended to supplement 5G) will also find this book to be a valuable resource.
Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgement Contents Contributors Abbreviations Chapter 1: From 4G to 5G: Use Cases and Requirements 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Global 5G Development 1.2.1 ITU-R Development on 5G/IMT-2020 1.2.2 Regional Development/Promotion on 5G 1.2.2.1 NGMN 1.2.2.2 IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group 1.2.2.3 Europe: 5G IA 1.2.2.4 Korea: 5G forum 1.2.2.5 Japan: 5GMF 1.2.2.6 North and South America: 5G Americas 1.2.2.7 Global 5G Event 1.2.3 Standard Development 1.3 Use Case Extensions and Requirements 1.3.1 5G Usage Cases and Service Requirement 1.3.1.1 Extended Usage Scenarios: From eMBB to IoT (mMTC and URLLC) 1.3.1.2 Survey of Diverse Services Across 5G Usage Scenarios and the Diverse Requirements eMBB Services UHD/3D Video Streaming Video Sharing AR/VR Delivery to the User mMTC Services URLLC Services 1.3.1.3 Supporting Requirements and Operational Requirements to Enable 5G Service Deployment eMBB Edge User-Experienced Data Rate Area Traffic Capacity Spectral Efficiency Energy Efficiency mMTC URLLC Availability General Coverage 1.3.2 5G Key Capabilities and Technical Performance Requirements 1.3.2.1 Key Capabilities for 5G eMBB User-Experienced Data Rate Area Traffic Capacity Mobility Peak Data Rate Energy Efficiency Spectral Efficiency mMTC Connection Density Network Energy Efficiency Operational Lifetime URLLC Latency Mobility Reliability Resilience Other Capabilities Spectrum and Bandwidth Flexibility Security and Privacy 1.3.2.2 Technical Performance Requirements for 5G 1.3.3 Summary on 5G Requirements 1.4 Standard Organization and 5G Activities 1.4.1 ITU-R Procedure/Process of IMT-2020 Submission 1.4.2 3GPP Development Toward ITU-R Submission 1.4.3 Independent Evaluation Groups to Assist ITU-R Endorse IMT-2020 Specification 1.4.4 Status in ITU 1.5 Summary References Chapter 2: 4G LTE Fundamental Air Interface Design 2.1 LTE Air Interface Overview 2.2 LTE Frame Structure 2.3 Physical Layer Channels 2.3.1 Multiple-Access Scheme 2.3.2 System Bandwidth 2.3.3 Numerology 2.3.4 Physical Channel Definition 2.4 Reference Signal 2.4.1 Downlink Reference Signals 2.4.1.1 Cell-Specific Reference Signal 2.4.1.2 UE-Specific Reference Signal 2.4.1.3 CSI Reference Signal 2.4.1.4 Discovery Signal 2.4.1.5 Other Downlink Reference Signals 2.4.2 Uplink Reference Signals 2.4.2.1 Uplink Demodulation Reference Signal 2.4.2.2 Uplink Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) SRS Transmission in Time Domain SRS Transmission in Frequency Domain Aperiodic SRS 2.5 Downlink Transmission 2.5.1 PBCH 2.5.2 Control Channel 2.5.2.1 PCFICH 2.5.2.2 PDCCH 2.5.2.3 PHICH 2.5.3 PDSCH 2.5.4 Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) 2.6 Uplink Transmission 2.6.1 PUCCH 2.6.1.1 PUCCH Formats 1/1a/1b 2.6.1.2 PUCCH Format 2/2a/2b 2.6.1.3 PUCCH Format 2.6.1.4 PUCCH Format 4/Format 2.6.2 PUSCH 2.6.3 Modulation 2.7 HARQ Timing 2.8 Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Band Combinations 2.9 Initial Access and Mobility Procedures 2.10 Summary References Chapter 3: 5G Fundamental Air Interface Design 3.1 5G-NR Design of Carrier and Channels 3.1.1 Numerology for the Carrier 3.1.2 Frame Structure 3.1.2.1 Cell-Specific Higher Layer Configuration 3.1.2.2 UE-Specific Higher Layer Configuration 3.1.2.3 Group Common PDCCH 3.1.2.4 DL/UL Dynamic Scheduling 3.1.3 Physical Layer Channels 3.1.3.1 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) 3.1.3.2 Physical Shared Data Channel (PDSCH) 3.1.3.3 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 3.1.3.4 Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel (PUSCH) 3.1.3.5 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) 3.1.3.5.1 PUCCH Format 0 3.1.3.5.2 PUCCH Format 3.1.3.5.3 PUCCH Format 3.1.3.5.4 PUCCH Formats 3 and 3.1.4 Physical Layer (PHY) Reference Signals 3.1.4.1 Reference Signal Design Framework and Considerations 3.1.4.2 Demodulation Reference Signal 3.1.4.2.1 Overall Design of NR DM-RS 3.1.4.2.2 DM-RS Type 1 Configuration 3.1.4.2.3 DM-RS Type 2 Configuration 3.1.4.3 CSI-RS 3.1.4.3.1 General Design of CSI-RS 3.1.4.3.2 CSI-RS for CSI Acquisition 3.1.4.3.3 CSI-RS for Beam Management 3.1.4.3.4 CSI-RS for Time and Frequency Tracking 3.1.4.3.5 CSI-RS for Mobility Measurement 3.1.4.4 Sounding Reference Signal 3.1.4.4.1 General Design of SRS 3.1.4.4.2 SRS for DL CSI Acquisition 3.1.4.4.2.1 SRS Antenna Switching 3.1.4.4.2.2 SRS Carrier Switching 3.1.4.4.3 SRS for Codebook- and Non-Codebook-Based Uplink MIMO 3.1.4.4.4 SRS for UL Beam Management 3.1.4.5 Phase Tracking Reference Signal 3.1.4.5.1 PT-RS for PDSCH 3.1.4.5.2 PT-RS for PUSCH of CP-OFDM 3.1.4.5.3 PT-RS for PUSCH of DFT-s-OFDM 3.1.4.6 Quasi-co-location and Transmission Configuration Indicator 3.2 5G-NR Spectrum and Band Definition 3.2.1 5G Spectrum and Duplexing 3.2.1.1 IMT-2020 Candidate Spectrum 3.2.1.1.1 C-band (3300–4200 MHz and 4400–5000 MHz) 3.2.1.1.2 Mm-Wave Bands 3.2.1.1.3 Sub-6 GHz Frequency Bands for 5G 3.2.1.2 5G Duplexing Mechanisms 3.2.1.2.1 5G Candidate Band Types and Duplex Modes 3.2.1.2.2 Flexible Duplex: Convergence of FDD and TDD 3.2.1.2.2.1 Joint Operation of FDD and TDD 3.2.1.2.2.2 Synchronization for TDD Band 3.2.1.2.2.3 Dynamic TDD and Flexible Duplex Dynamic TDD Flexible Duplex 3.2.2 3GPP 5G-NR Band Definition 3.2.2.1 3GPP Rel.15 5G-NR Band Definition 3.2.2.2 3GPP 5G-NR Band Combination 3.2.2.2.1 5G-NR Band Combination Mechanisms 3.2.2.2.2 5G Band Combination Definition 3.2.2.2.3 Multi-Band Coexistence Requirements and Solutions: Intermodulation and Harmonics 3.2.2.2.3.1 Intermodulation Avoidance with Single UL Transmission 3.2.2.2.3.2 Harmonics Distortion Avoidance by Cross-Band Scheduling Coordination 3.3 4G/5G Spectrum Sharing (a.k.a. LTE/NR Coexistence) 3.3.1 Motivation and Benefit 3.3.1.1 NR Coverage on New Spectrum 3.3.1.1.1 Link Budget 3.3.1.1.2 UL/DL Assignment Impact on NR Coverage 3.3.1.1.3 5G-NR Deployment Challenges Due to the Coverage 3.3.1.2 UL/DL Decoupling Enabled by 4G/5G UL Spectrum Sharing 3.3.1.3 Benefits of 4G/5G Uplink Spectrum Sharing 3.3.1.3.1 Higher Spectrum Utilization Efficiency 3.3.1.3.2 Feedback Latency and Efficiency 3.3.1.3.3 Seamless Coverage, Deployment Investment, and Mobility 3.3.1.3.4 Unified Network Configuration for Various Traffic Types 3.3.1.4 Summary of LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing Scenarios 3.3.2 LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing: Network Deployment Scenarios 3.3.2.1 LTE/NR UL Sharing for NR Stand-Alone Deployment 3.3.2.2 LTE/NR UL Sharing for Non-stand-alone NR Deployment, from Network and UE Perspective 3.3.2.3 LTE/NR Sharing in TDD Band 3.3.3 LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing: Requirements for Highly Efficient Sharing 3.3.3.1 Subcarrier Alignment for LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing 3.3.3.2 PRB Alignment for LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing 3.3.3.3 Channel Raster for the NR SUL Band 3.3.3.4 Synchronization and Timing for LTE/NR UL Sharing 3.3.3.4.1 Synchronization Requirements Between LTE UL and NR SUL Cells 3.3.3.4.2 Timing Advance Mechanisms for LTE/NR UL Sharing 3.3.3.4.3 NSA LTE/NR UL Sharing TDM Configuration for HARQ Timing 3.3.4 NR SUL Band Combinations: Uplink Carrier Selection and Switching 3.3.4.1 Single-Cell Concept 3.3.4.2 UL Carrier Selection and Switch 3.3.4.2.1 Idle Mode UL Selection: Initial Access with PRACH 3.3.4.2.2 Connected Mode UL Selection: PUSCH/PUCCH Scheduling 3.3.4.3 SRS Switching 3.3.4.4 Power Control 3.3.5 4G/5G DL Spectrum Sharing Design 3.3.5.1 Rate Matching Around CRS 3.3.5.2 MBSFN-Type Sharing 3.3.5.3 3.3.5.3 Mini-Slot Scheduling 3.3.5.4 SS SCS Definition for Coexisting Bands 3.4 5G-NR New Physical Layer Technologies 3.4.1 Waveform and Multiple Access 3.4.2 Channel Coding 3.4.2.1 LDPC 3.4.2.2 Polar Code 3.4.3 MIMO Design 3.4.3.1 DM-RS-Based MIMO Transmission 3.4.3.1.1 Codeword-to-Layer Mapping 3.4.3.1.2 PRB Bundling 3.4.3.1.3 DCI for MU-MIMO 3.4.3.2 CSI Acquisition 3.4.3.2.1 Framework for Configuration and Signaling of CSI Acquisition 3.4.3.2.2 Measurement for CSI Acquisition 3.4.3.2.3 Feedback Report and Calculation 3.4.3.2.4 Codebooks for PMI Report 3.4.3.3 Uplink MIMO 3.4.3.3.1 Codebook-Based Uplink MIMO 3.4.3.3.2 Non-codebook-Based Uplink MIMO 3.4.3.3.3 Uplink Full-Power Transmission 3.4.4 5G-NR Unified Air Interface Design for eMBB and URLLC 3.4.5 mMTC 3.4.5.1 NB-IoT 3.4.5.2 eMTC 3.4.5.3 NR mMTC 3.5 NR-Based Unlicensed Access 3.6 Positioning in NR 3.7 Power Saving 3.7.1 PDCCH-Based Indication of Wake-Up Signal and Dormancy Adaptation 3.7.2 Cross-Slot Scheduling-Based Power Saving 3.7.3 BWP-Based MIMO Adaptation 3.7.4 RRM Relaxation 3.7.5 RRC Release Request and UE Assistance 3.8 Summary References Chapter 4: 5G Procedure, RAN Architecture, and Protocol 4.1 5G-NR New Procedures 4.1.1 Initial Access and Mobility (IAM) 4.1.2 Beam Management 4.1.2.1 Downlink Beam Management 4.1.2.2 Beam Failure Recovery 4.1.2.3 Uplink Beam Management 4.1.3 Power Control 4.1.3.1 Fractional Power Control Design 4.1.3.2 NR Uplink Power Control Design Requirements and Framework 4.1.4 HARQ 4.1.5 Multi-TRP Transmission 4.2 RAN Architecture Evolution and Protocol 4.2.1 Overall Architecture 4.2.1.1 RAN Architecture Overview 4.2.1.2 RAN Architecture Options 4.2.1.3 CU-DU Split 4.2.1.4 Integrated Access and Backhaul 4.2.1.5 RAN Protocol and Stack 4.2.1.5.1 NR Stand-Alone Network Protocol Architecture 4.2.1.5.1.1 Control Plane 4.2.1.5.1.2 User Plane 4.2.1.5.2 MR DC Protocol Architecture 4.2.2 Fundamental Procedures for NR Stand-Alone 4.2.2.1 UE State Transition 4.2.2.2 System Information Acquisition 4.2.2.3 Paging and DRX 4.2.2.4 Access Control 4.2.2.5 Random Access Procedure 4.2.2.6 RRC Procedures Supporting RRC_INACTIVE State 4.2.3 Mobility Control 4.2.3.1 Cell Selection 4.2.3.2 Cell Reselection 4.2.3.3 Measurements in RRC_CONNECTED 4.2.3.4 Inter-system/Inter-RAT Mobility in Connected Mode 4.2.3.4.1 Beam-Level Mobility 4.2.3.4.2 Handover 4.2.4 Vertical Support 4.2.4.1 Slicing 4.3 Summary References Chapter 5: 5G System Architecture 5.1 5G System Architecture 5.2 5G Core (5GC) Service-Based Architecture 5.3 Network Slicing 5.4 Registration, Connection, and Session Management 5.4.1 Registration Management 5.4.2 Connection Management 5.4.3 Registration Call Flow 5.4.4 PDU Session Establishment Call Flow 5.4.5 Service Request 5.4.6 Other Procedures 5.5 Session and Service Continuity in 5GC 5.6 Interworking with EPC 5.7 CP and UP Protocols in 5G Core 5.7.1 CP Protocol Stack 5.7.2 User Plane Protocol Stack 5.8 Support for Virtualized Deployments 5.9 Support for Edge Computing 5.10 Policy and Charging Control in 5G System 5.11 Access Traffic Steering, Switching, Splitting (ATSSS) 5.12 Network Data Analytics Services 5.12.1 Example of Observed Service Experience-Related Network Data Analytics 5.13 Support of Non-3GPP Access 5.14 Examples of Other Features Supported by 5GSG 5.14.1 Support for Cellular IoT 5.14.2 Support for Location Services 5.14.3 Support for IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) 5.15 Summary References Chapter 6: 5G Security System Design for All Ages 6.1 Wireless Security Through the Lens of Time 6.2 5G Security Goals 6.3 Deployment Models 6.4 Analyzing Known System Vulnerabilities 6.4.1 IMSI Catcher 6.4.2 Redirect and DoS Attack 6.4.3 Other Attacks 6.4.4 2G and 3G Security 6.4.5 4G (and NSA) Security 6.5 5G Security 6.5.1 Security Framework 6.5.1.1 Trust Model 6.5.1.2 IMSI Protection 6.5.1.3 Unified Authentication and Authentication Enhancement 6.5.1.4 Secondary Authentication 6.5.1.5 Security Architecture and Key Hierarchy 6.5.1.6 User Plane Integrity Protection 6.5.1.7 On-demand User Plane Security Policy 6.5.1.8 Initial NAS Message Protection 6.5.1.9 Security Algorithms 6.5.1.10 Backhaul Security/Interconnect Security 6.5.1.11 Enhanced Access Node Security 6.5.2 Addressing the Vulnerabilities 6.5.2.1 IMSI Catcher 6.5.2.2 Redirect and DoS 6.5.2.3 DNS Altering 6.6 Security for 5G Services 6.6.1 URLLC 6.6.2 CIoT 6.6.3 Service-Based Architecture 6.6.4 Network Slicing 6.6.5 5WWC 6.6.6 Support for the Vertical Industries 6.6.7 Integrated Access Backhaul 6.6.8 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity from 5G to 3G 6.6.9 Security of 5G Enhanced Location Service 6.6.10 Authentication and Key Management for Application Based on 3GPP Credentials 6.6.11 User Plane Gateway Function for Inter-PLMN Security 6.7 Security Assurance in 5G 6.7.1 The Need for Security Assurance 6.7.2 Joint Effort Between 3GPP and GSMA 6.7.2.1 Role of GSMA in NESAS/SCAS 6.7.2.2 Role of 3GPP in NESAS/SCAS 6.7.2.3 NESAS Pilot Run 6.7.3 Security Assurance in 5G 6.7.4 Latest 6.8 Summary References Chapter 7: 5G URLLC 7.1 Enhancements for Physical-Layer Control and Data Channels 7.1.1 PDCCH Monitoring and DCI Enhancements PDCCH Monitoring Enhancements DCI Enhancements 7.1.2 UCI Enhancements 7.1.3 PUSCH Enhancements 7.2 Enhancements to Grant-Free and DL SPS Transmissions 7.3 Intra-UE and Inter-UE eMBB and URLLC Multiplexing 7.3.1 UL Intra-UE eMBB and URLLC Multiplexing 7.3.2 UL Inter-UE eMBB and URLLC Multiplexing Basic Concept of Uplink Cancellation Indication (ULCI) Configurable Priority Levels for Cancellation Power Boosting for URLLC on Superimposed Resources 7.4 End-to-End 5G System Support for URLLC 7.4.1 Redundant Transmission Within 5G System 7.4.1.1 Packet Duplication in the Air Interface 7.4.2 QoS Monitoring for URLLC 7.5 Summary References Chapter 8: NR V2X Sidelink Design 8.1 V2X Ecosystem 8.1.1 5GAA Work on 5G Development for Connected Automotive 8.1.2 Higher Layer Efforts 8.1.2.1 ETSI ITS Messaging 8.1.2.1.1 CAM Messages 8.1.2.1.2 DENM Messages 8.1.2.2 SAE Messaging 8.1.3 IEEE Efforts 8.1.3.1 General Overview of IEEE802.11p 8.1.3.2 Comparison Between 802.11p and LTE-V 8.1.3.3 Evolutions of 802.11p 8.1.3.4 Conclusion 8.2 3GPP Ecosystem 8.2.1 Sidelink Standardization Timeline 8.2.1.1 Release-12 8.2.1.2 Release-13 8.2.1.3 Release-14 8.2.1.4 Release-15 8.2.1.5 Release-16 8.2.1.6 Release-17 8.2.2 Interactions Between LTE-V and NR Sidelink V2X 8.3 LTE-V 8.3.1 Requirements for safety 8.3.1.1 Study Item Outputs 8.3.1.2 SA1 Requirements 8.3.1.3 Impact of Requirements on System Design and Evaluation 8.3.2 Deployment Constraints and Design Philosophy 8.3.2.1 Reuse the LTE Modem Design as Much as Possible 8.3.2.2 Design a System that can Work In-coverage or Out-of-coverage 8.3.2.3 Design a System that can Work on a Dedicated or a Shared Cellular-Sidelink Carrier 8.3.2.4 Design a System that Can Work With or Without GNSS 8.3.2.5 Design a System Adapted to the Traffic Type 8.3.3 Physical Structure 8.3.3.1 Frame Structure 8.3.3.2 LTE-V Subframe 8.3.3.3 LTE-V Timing 8.3.3.4 Subchannel 8.3.3.5 Resource Pools 8.3.3.6 Modulation 8.3.3.7 Demodulation Reference Signals 8.3.3.8 Channels for Data Transmission 8.3.3.8.1 PSSCH 8.3.3.8.2 PSCCH 8.3.3.8.3 PSSCH/PSCCH Multiplexing 8.3.4 Synchronization procedures 8.3.4.1 Possible synchronization sources 8.3.5 Synchronization Procedure for Out-of-coverage UEs 8.3.6 Resource Allocation 8.3.6.1 SCI Concept 8.3.6.2 LTE-V Resource Allocation Modes 8.3.6.3 Mode-3 Resource Allocation 8.3.6.4 Mode-4 Resource Allocation 8.3.6.4.1 Sensing Procedure 8.3.6.4.2 Resource Selection 8.3.7 Physical Layer Procedures 8.3.7.1 Broadcast Operation 8.3.7.2 “HARQ” Operation 8.3.7.3 Power Control Procedures 8.3.7.4 Priority Rules 8.3.8 QoS and Congestion Control Mechanisms 8.3.9 Specificities for Non V2V Traffic 8.3.10 Layer 2/3 Enhancements for LTE V2X Communication 8.3.10.1 Enhancements for SPS Resource Allocations 8.3.10.2 Enhancements for Support for V2X Sidelink Communication 8.3.11 Architecture 8.3.11.1 Reference Model 8.3.11.2 Impacts to EPC procedures 8.4 NR 8.4.1 Requirements 8.4.1.1 Work in SA1 8.4.1.2 Impact on Physical Layer 8.4.1.3 Design Philosophy 8.4.2 Physical Structure 8.4.2.1 Frame Structure 8.4.2.2 BWP and Resource Pools 8.4.2.3 Modulation 8.4.2.3.1 Waveform 8.4.2.3.2 Modulation 8.4.2.4 Reference Signals 8.4.2.4.1 DMRS 8.4.2.4.1.1 DMRS for PSSCH Demodulation 8.4.2.4.1.2 DMRS for PSCCH demodulation 8.4.2.4.2 CSI-RS 8.4.2.4.3 PT-RS 8.4.2.5 Sidelink Channels 8.4.2.5.1 PSSCH 8.4.2.5.2 PSCCH 8.4.2.5.3 PSFCH 8.4.3 Synchronization Procedures 8.4.3.1 Possible Synchronization Sources 8.4.3.1.1 Synchronization with GNSS 8.4.3.1.2 Synchronization with Network 8.4.3.2 Synchronization Slot 8.4.3.2.1 Synchronization Signals 8.4.3.2.2 PSBCH 8.4.4 Resource Allocation 8.4.4.1 Mode-1 Resource Allocation 8.4.4.2 Mode-2 Resource Allocation 8.4.4.2.1 Step 1: Identification of Candidate Resources Within the Resource Selection Window 8.4.4.2.2 Step 2: Resource Selection 8.4.4.3 SCI Design 8.4.4.3.1 General Concept 8.4.4.3.2 First Stage SCI 8.4.4.3.3 Second Stage SCI 8.4.5 Physical Layer Procedures 8.4.5.1 HARQ Procedures 8.4.5.1.1 General Principles 8.4.5.1.2 Automatic Retransmission 8.4.5.1.3 HARQ 8.4.5.1.4 HARQ Reporting on the PSFCH 8.4.5.1.5 Priority Rules on the PSFCH 8.4.6 Power Control Procedures 8.4.6.1 CSI Reporting 8.4.7 QoS and Congestion Control Mechanisms 8.4.8 Cross-RAT Operation 8.4.8.1 Cross-RAT Scheduling 8.4.8.2 In-device Coexistence Between LTE and NR Sidelinks 8.4.9 Layer 2/3 Enhancements for NR V2X Communication 8.4.10 Architecture 8.4.10.1 Reference Model 8.4.10.2 Functional Description 8.5 Summary References Chapter 9: 5G Industrial IoT 9.1 5G-ACIA for 5G Development in Manufacturing and Processing Industry 9.2 IIoT Spectrums 9.3 IIoT Enhancements 9.3.1 Accurate Reference Timing Provisioning 9.3.1.1 System Aspects of Time Sensitive Communications 9.3.2 Scheduling Enhancements 9.3.3 Ethernet Header Compression 9.3.4 Intra-UE Prioritization/Multiplexing 9.3.5 PDCP Duplication 9.3.6 5G Non-Public Network 9.3.6.1 Supporting Standard-Alone Non-public Network 9.3.6.2 Supporting Public Network Integrated Non-public Network (PNI-NPN) 9.4 Summary References Chapter 10: 5G Capability: ITU-R Submission and Performance Evaluation 10.1 Overview of 5G Requirements 10.2 Overview of Evaluation Methodologies 10.2.1 System-Level Simulation for eMBB Technical Performance Requirements 10.2.2 Full System-Level Simulation and System plus Link-Level Simulation for Connection Density Evaluation 10.2.2.1 Overview of Full System-Level Simulation 10.2.2.2 Overview of System-Level plus Link-Level Simulation 10.2.3 System-Level plus Link-level Simulation for Mobility and Reliability 10.2.4 Analysis Method 10.2.5 Inspection Method 10.3 Detailed Definition of Evaluation Metrics and Evaluation Method 10.3.1 Evaluation Metrics for eMBB Requirements 10.3.1.1 Peak Spectral Efficiency 10.3.1.2 Peak Data Rate 10.3.1.3 5th percentile User Spectral Efficiency and Average Spectral Efficiency 10.3.1.4 User Experienced Data Rate 10.3.1.5 Area Traffic Capacity 10.3.1.6 User Plane Latency 10.3.1.7 Control Plane Latency 10.3.1.8 Energy Efficiency 10.3.1.9 Mobility 10.3.1.10 Mobility Interruption Time 10.3.2 Evaluation Metrics for mMTC Requirements 10.3.2.1 Connection Density 10.3.3 Evaluation Metrics for URLLC Requirements 10.3.3.1 User Plane Latency 10.3.3.2 Control Plane Latency 10.3.3.3 Reliability 10.3.3.4 Mobility Interruption Time 10.4 5G Performance Evaluation 10.4.1 5G Wideband Frame Structure and Physical Channel Structure 10.4.1.1 Contribution to Overhead Reduction and Spectral Efficiency/Data Rate Improvement 10.4.1.2 Contribution to Latency 10.4.1.3 Contribution to Reliability 10.4.2 NR MIMO, Multiple Access, and Waveform 10.4.2.1 Contribution to Spectral Efficiency Improvement Downlink Evaluation Uplink Evaluation 10.4.2.2 Contribution to Area Traffic Capacity 10.4.3 LTE/NR Coexistence (DL/UL Decoupling) 10.4.3.1 Contribution to DL User Experienced Data Rate 10.4.3.2 Contribution to UL User Experienced Data Rate 10.4.3.3 Contribution to Uplink User Plane Latency 10.4.4 NB-IoT 10.4.5 Evaluation Situation in ITU 10.4.6 Field Test of LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing 10.4.6.1 Indoor Test in NSA Deployment 10.4.6.2 Indoor Test in SA Deployment 10.4.6.3 Outdoor Test 10.5 Summary Bibliography Chapter 11: The Future of 5G 11.1 5G Market 11.1.1 5G for Enhanced Mobile Broadband Service 11.1.2 5G for Vertical Applications 11.2 Global Unified 5G Standards and Ecosystem 11.2.1 3GPP 11.3 5G Deployments 11.4 5G Trial for Vertical Industry 11.5 Looking Forward 11.5.1 Release-17 11.5.1.1 Further Enhanced MIMO Support 11.5.1.1.1 Multi-beam Operation 11.5.1.1.2 Multi-TRP for PDCCH, PUCCH, and PUSCH 11.5.1.1.3 Beam Management for Multi-TRP 11.5.1.1.4 SRS Flexibility, Coverage, and Capacity 11.5.1.1.5 CSI Enhancements for MTRP and FR1 FDD Reciprocity 11.5.1.2 Support for Reduce Capacity (RedCap) NR devices 11.5.1.2.1 Reduced Number of UE Receiver Branches and Maximum Number of MIMO Layers 11.5.1.2.2 UE Bandwidth Reduction 11.5.1.2.3 Half-Duplex FDD Operation 11.5.1.2.4 Relaxed UE Processing Time 11.5.1.2.5 Relaxed Maximum Modulation Order 11.5.1.2.6 Reduction of PDCCH Monitoring 11.5.1.3 Support for Beyond 52.6 GHz 11.5.1.3.1 Channel Access for 60 GHz 11.5.1.3.2 Numerology 11.5.1.3.3 Other Enhancements 11.5.1.4 Positioning 11.5.1.5 Multicast and Broadcast Service 11.5.1.6 NR Sidelink Enhancement 11.5.1.7 URLLC Enhancements 11.6 Conclusion References Index
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