5G NR and Enhancements: From R15 to R16
- Length: 1068 pages
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- Publisher: Elsevier
- Publication Date: 2021-11-08
- ISBN-10: 0323910602
- ISBN-13: 9780323910606
- Sales Rank: #2411354 (See Top 100 Books)
5G NR and Enhancements: From R15 to R16 introduces 5G standards, along with the 5G standardization procedure. The pros and cons of this technical option are reviewed, with the reason why the solution selected explained. The book’s authors are 3GPP delegates who have been working on 4G/5G standardization for over 10 years. Their experience with the 5G standardization process will help readers understand the technology. Thousands of 3GPP papers and dozens of meeting minutes are also included to help explain how the 5G stand came into form.
Front Cover 5G NR and Enhancements Copyright Page Contents List of contributors Preface 1 Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Enhanced evolution of new radio over LTE 1.2.1 New radio supports a higher band range 1.2.2 New radio supports wide bandwidth 1.2.3 New radio supports more flexible frame structure 1.2.4 New radio supports flexible numerology 1.2.5 Low-latency enhancements of air interface by new radio 1.2.6 Enhancement of reference signals in new radio 1.2.7 Multiple input multiple output capability enhancement by new radio 1.2.8 Enhancement of terminal power saving by new radio 1.2.9 Mobility enhancement by new radio 1.2.10 Enhancement of quality of service guarantee by new radio 1.2.11 Enhancement of core network architecture evolution by new radio 1.3 New radio’s choice of new technology 1.3.1 New radio’s choice on new numerology 1.3.2 New radio’s choice on new waveform 1.3.3 New radio’s choice on new coding 1.3.4 New radio’s choice on new multiple access 1.4 Maturity of 5G technology, devices, and equipment 1.4.1 The development and maturity of digital devices and chips have well supported the research and development needs of 5... 1.4.2 5G active large-scale antenna equipment can meet the engineering and commercial requirements 1.4.3 Millimeter wave technology—devices and equipment are becoming more and more mature 1.5 R16 enhancement technology 1.5.1 Multiple input multiple output enhancement 1.5.1.1 eType II codebook 1.5.1.2 Multitransmission and reception points enhancement 1.5.1.3 Multibeam transmission enhancement 1.5.1.4 Uplink full-power Tx 1.5.2 Ultrareliable and low latency communications enhancement-physical layer 1.5.3 Ultrareliable and low latency communications enhancement high layer 1.5.3.1 Supporting time-sensitive communication 1.5.3.2 Data replication and multiconnection enhancement 1.5.3.3 Intrauser priority/reuse enhancement 1.5.4 UE power-saving enhancement 1.5.5 Two-step RACH 1.5.6 Uplink band switching transmission 1.5.7 Mobility enhancement 1.5.7.1 Dual active protocol stack enhancement 1.5.7.2 Conditional handover 1.5.8 Multi-RAT dual connectivity enhancement 1.5.9 New radio–vehicle to everything 1.5.10 New radio-unlicensed 1.6 Summary References 2 Requirements and scenarios of 5G system 2.1 Current needs and requirements in the 5G era 2.1.1 Requirements of high data rate 2.1.1.1 Enhanced multimedia service 2.1.1.2 Immersive interactive multimedia services 2.1.1.3 Hotspot services 2.1.2 Requirements from vertical industries 2.1.2.1 Low-latency communication 2.1.2.2 Reliable communication 2.1.2.3 Internet of Things communication 2.1.2.4 High-speed communication 2.1.2.5 High-precision positioning communication 2.2 Typical scenarios 2.2.1 Enhanced mobile broadband 2.2.2 Ultrareliable and low latency communications 2.2.3 Massive machine type communications 2.3 Key indicators of 5G systems 2.4 Summary References 3 5G system architecture 3.1 5G system architecture 3.1.1 5G system architecture requirements 3.1.2 5G system architecture and functional entities 3.1.2.1 Loose coupling and service-oriented network element functions 3.1.2.2 Open and secure network interface 3.1.2.3 Unified network function management 3.1.2.4 Enable continuous integration/continuous deployment time to market microservices 3.1.3 5G end-to-end architecture and protocol stack based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project access 3.1.3.1 End-to-end protocol stack of 5G control plane based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project access 3.1.3.2 End-to-end protocol stack of 5G User Plane based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project access 3.1.4 5G end-to-end architecture and protocol stack based on non-3rd Generation Partnership Project access 3.1.5 5G system identifiers 3.2 The 5G RAN architecture and deployment options 3.2.1 Description of EN-DC and SA arechitecture 3.3 Summary References Further reading 4 Bandwidth part 4.1 Basic concept of bandwidth part 4.1.1 Motivation from resource allocations with multiple subcarrier spacings 4.1.2 Motivations from UE capability and power saving 4.1.3 Basic bandwidth part concept 4.1.4 Use cases of bandwidth part 4.1.5 What if bandwidth part contains synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel block? 4.1.6 Number of simultaneously active bandwidth parts 4.1.7 Relation between bandwidth part and carrier aggregation 4.2 Bandwidth part configuration 4.2.1 Introduction of common RB 4.2.2 Granularity of common RB 4.2.3 Reference point—point A 4.2.4 The starting point of common RB—RB 4.2.5 Indication method of carrier starting point 4.2.6 Bandwidth part indication method 4.2.7 Summary of the basic bandwidth part configuration method 4.2.8 Number of configurable bandwidth parts 4.2.9 Bandwidth part configuration in the TDD system 4.3 Bandwidth part switching 4.3.1 Dynamic switching versus semistatic switching 4.3.2 Introduction of bandwidth part activation method based on DCI 4.3.3 DCI design for triggering bandwidth part switching—DCI format 4.3.4 DCI design for triggering bandwidth part switching—“explicitly trigger” versus “implicitly trigger” 4.3.5 DCI design for triggering bandwidth part switching—bandwidth part indicator 4.3.6 Introduction of timer-based bandwidth part fallback 4.3.7 Whether to reuse discontinuous reception timer to implement bandwidth part fallback? 4.3.7.1 Review of discontinuous reception timer 4.3.7.2 Whether to reuse discontinuous reception timer for bandwidth part fallback timer? 4.3.8 Bandwidth part inactivity timer design 4.3.8.1 Configuration of bwp-InactivityTimer 4.3.8.2 Condition to start/restart bwp-InactivityTimer 4.3.8.3 Condition to stop bwp-InactivityTimer 4.3.9 Timer-based uplink bandwidth part switching 4.3.10 Time-pattern-based bandwidth part switching 4.3.10.1 The principle of time-pattern-based bandwidth part switching 4.3.10.2 The competition between time-pattern-based bandwidth part switching and timer-based bandwidth part switching 4.3.10.3 The reason why time-pattern-based bandwidth part switching was not adopted 4.3.11 Automatic bandwidth part switching 4.3.11.1 Paired switching of DL bandwidth part and UL bandwidth part in TDD 4.3.11.2 DL BWP switching caused by random access 4.3.12 Bandwidth part switching delay 4.4 Bandwidth part in initial access 4.4.1 Introduction of initial DL bandwidth part 4.4.2 Introduction of initial UL bandwidth part 4.4.3 Initial DL bandwidth part configuration 4.4.4 Relationship between the initial DL bandwidth part and default DL bandwidth part 4.4.5 Initial bandwidth part in carrier aggregation 4.5 Impact of bandwidth part on other physical layer designs 4.5.1 Impact of bandwidth part switching delay 4.5.2 Bandwidth part-dedicated and bandwidth part-common parameter configuration 4.6 Summary References 5 5G flexible scheduling 5.1 Principle of flexible scheduling 5.1.1 Limitation of LTE system scheduling design 5.1.2 Scheduling flexibility in the frequency domain 5.1.2.1 Resource allocation based on bandwidth part 5.1.2.2 Increase granularity of frequency-domain resource allocation 5.1.2.3 Adopt more dynamic resource indication signaling 5.1.3 Scheduling flexibility in the time domain 5.1.3.1 Low-latency transmission 5.1.3.2 Multibeam transmission 5.1.3.3 Flexible multiplexing between channels 5.1.3.4 Effectively support unlicensed spectrum operation 5.2 5G resource allocation 5.2.1 Optimization of resource allocation types in the frequency domain 5.2.2 Granularity of resource allocation in the frequency domain 5.2.3 Frequency-domain resource indication during BWP switching 5.2.4 Determination of frequency-hopping resources in BWP 5.2.5 Introduction to symbol-level scheduling 5.2.6 Reference time for indication of starting symbol 5.2.7 Reference SCS for indication of K0 or K2 5.2.8 Resource mapping type: type A and type B 5.2.9 Time-domain resource allocation 5.2.10 Multislot transmission 5.3 Code Block Group 5.3.1 Introduction of Code Block Group transmission 5.3.2 CBG construction 5.3.3 CBG retransmission 5.3.4 DL control signaling for CBG-based transmission 5.3.5 UL control signaling for CBG-based transmission 5.4 Design of NR PDCCH 5.4.1 Considerations of NR PDCCH design 5.4.1.1 Changing from cell-specific PDCCH resources to UE-specific PDCCH resources 5.4.1.2 PDCCH “floating” in the time domain 5.4.1.3 Reduced complexity of DCI detection 5.4.2 Control Resource Set 5.4.2.1 External structure of CORESET 5.4.2.2 Internal structure of CORESET 5.4.3 Search-space set 5.4.4 DCI design 5.4.4.1 The choice of two-stage DCI 5.4.4.2 Introduction of group-common DCI 5.5 Design of NR PUCCH 5.5.1 Introduction of short-PUCCH and long-PUCCH 5.5.2 Design of short-PUCCH 5.5.3 Design of long-PUCCH 5.5.4 PUCCH resource allocation 5.5.5 PUCCH colliding with other UL channels 5.6 Flexible TDD 5.6.1 Flexible slot 5.6.2 Semistatic uplink–downlink configuration 5.6.3 Dynamic slot format indicator 5.7 PDSCH rate matching 5.7.1 Considerations for introducing rate matching 5.7.1.1 Rate matching in PDCCH/PDSCH multiplexing 5.7.1.2 Rate matching in resource reservation 5.7.2 Rate-matching design 5.8 Summary References 6 NR initial access 6.1 Cell search 6.1.1 Synchronization raster and channel raster 6.1.1.1 Synchronization raster and channel raster 6.1.1.2 Raster in LTE and changes in 5G NR 6.1.1.3 Synchronization raster and channel raster in 5G NR 6.1.2 Design of SSB 6.1.3 Transmission of SSB 6.1.4 Position of actually transmitted SSBs and indication methods 6.1.5 Cell-search procedure 6.2 Common control channel during initial access 6.2.1 SSB and CORESET#0 multiplexing pattern 6.2.2 CORESET#0 6.2.3 Type0–PDCCH search space 6.3 NR random access 6.3.1 Design of NR PRACH 6.3.1.1 NR preamble format 6.3.1.2 NR preamble sequence determination 6.3.1.3 Subcarrier spacing of NR preamble transmission 6.3.1.4 Length of NR preamble sequence 6.3.2 NR PRACH resource configuration 6.3.2.1 Periodicity of PRACH resource 6.3.2.2 Time-domain resource configuration for PRACH 6.3.2.3 Frequency-domain resource configuration for PRACH 6.3.2.4 Configuration of PRACH format 6.3.2.5 Mapping between SSB and PRACH occasion 6.3.3 Power control of PRACH 6.4 RRM measurement 6.4.1 Reference signals for RRM 6.4.2 Measurement gap in NR 6.4.2.1 Configuration of measurement gap 6.4.2.2 Measurement gap pattern 6.4.2.3 Applicability of measurement gap 6.4.2.4 Measurement gap sharing 6.4.3 NR intrafrequency and interfrequency measurement 6.4.3.1 SSB-based measurement 6.4.3.2 CSI–RS-based L3 measurement 6.4.3.3 Scaling of measurement delay 6.4.4 Scheduling restrictions caused by RRM measurement 6.5 Radio link monitoring 6.5.1 RLM reference signal 6.5.2 RLM procedure 6.6 Summary References 7 Channel coding 7.1 Overview of NR channel coding scheme 7.1.1 Overview of candidate channel coding schemes 7.1.2 Channel coding scheme for data channel 7.1.3 Channel coding scheme for the control channel 7.1.4 Channel coding scheme for other information 7.2 Design of polar code 7.2.1 Background 7.2.2 Sequence design 7.2.3 Assistant polar code 7.2.4 Code length and rate 7.2.5 Rate matching and interleaving 7.3 Design of low-density parity-check codes 7.3.1 Basic principles of low-density parity-check codes 7.3.2 Design of parity check matrix 7.3.3 Design of permutation matrix 7.3.4 Design of base graph 7.3.4.1 Size of base graph 7.3.4.2 Design of base graph 7.3.4.3 The elements of base graph 7.3.4.4 Puncturing method of base graph 7.3.5 Lifting size 7.3.6 Code block segmentation and code block CRC attachment 7.3.6.1 Maximum code block size 7.3.6.2 Location for CRC additional 7.3.6.3 Length for CRC 7.3.6.4 Segmentation of code block 7.3.7 Rate matching and hybrid automatic repeat request process 7.3.7.1 Padding techniques 7.3.7.1.1 Zero padding 7.3.7.1.2 Repeat padding 7.3.7.1.3 RNTI padding 7.3.7.2 Hybrid automatic repeat request transmission 7.3.7.2.1 Sequential retransmission 7.3.7.2.2 Retransmission with systematic bits 7.3.7.2.3 Retransmission based on redundant version position 7.3.7.3 Design of interleaver 7.4 Summary References 8 Multiple-input multiple-output enhancement and beam management 8.1 CSI feedback for NR MIMO enhancement 8.1.1 CSI feedback enhancement in NR 8.1.1.1 Enhancement on CSI configuration signaling 8.1.1.2 Enhancement on interference measurement 8.1.1.3 Enhancement on reporting periodicity 8.1.1.4 Enhancement on content of CSI reporting 8.1.1.5 Enhancement of reciprocity-based CSI 8.1.2 R15 Type I codebook 8.1.3 R15 Type II codebook 8.1.3.1 Structure of the Type II codebook 8.1.3.2 Quantization 8.1.3.3 Port selection codebook 8.1.3.4 CSI omission 8.2 R16 codebook enhancement 8.2.1 Overview of the eType II codebook 8.2.2 Frequency-domain matrix design 8.2.3 Design of coefficient matrix 8.2.4 Codebook design for rank=2 8.2.5 Codebook design for high rank 8.2.6 eType II codebook expression 8.3 Beam management 8.3.1 Overview of analog beam-forming 8.3.2 Basic procedures of downlink beam management 8.3.3 Downlink beam measurement and reporting 8.3.3.1 Reference signals for downlink beam measurement 8.3.3.2 Measurement quantity 8.3.3.3 Beam reporting 8.3.4 Downlink beam indication 8.3.5 Basic procedures of uplink beam management 8.3.6 Uplink beam measurement 8.3.7 Uplink beam indication 8.4 Beam failure recovery on primary cell(s) 8.4.1 Basic procedure of BFR 8.4.2 Beam failure detection 8.4.3 New beam identification 8.4.4 Beam failure recovery request 8.4.5 Response from network 8.5 Beam failure recovery on secondary cell(s) 8.5.1 Beam failure detection 8.5.2 New beam identification 8.5.3 Beam failure recovery request 8.5.4 Response from network 8.6 Multi-TRP cooperative transmission 8.6.1 Basic principles 8.6.2 NC–JT transmission based on a single DCI 8.6.2.1 Codeword mapping 8.6.2.2 DMRS port indication 8.6.2.3 TCI state indication 8.6.3 NC–JT transmission based on multi-DCI 8.6.3.1 PDCCH enhancement 8.6.3.2 PDSCH enhancement 8.6.3.3 HARQ–ACK enhancement 8.6.4 Diversity transmission based on multi-TRP 8.6.4.1 Spatial-division multiplexing schemes 8.6.4.2 Frequency division multiplexing scheme 8.6.4.3 Intraslot time division multiplexing scheme 8.6.4.4 Interslot time division multiplexing scheme 8.7 Summary References Further reading 9 5G radio-frequency design 9.1 New frequency and new bands 9.1.1 Spectrum definition 9.1.1.1 New band definition 9.1.1.2 Refarming of existing bands 9.1.2 Band combination 9.1.2.1 CA band combination 9.1.2.2 EN–DC band combination 9.1.2.3 Bandwidth combination set 9.2 FR1 UE radio-frequency 9.2.1 High-power UE 9.2.1.1 UE-power class 9.2.1.2 Transmit diversity 9.2.1.3 High-power UE and specific absorption rate solutions 9.2.2 Reference sensitivity 9.2.3 Interference 9.3 FR2 radio-frequency and antenna technology 9.3.1 UE radio-frequency and antenna architecture 9.3.2 Power class 9.3.2.1 Requirement definition 9.3.2.2 UE types 9.3.2.3 Peak EIRP requirement 9.3.2.4 Spherical coverage requirement 9.3.2.5 Multiband impact 9.3.3 Reference sensitivity 9.3.3.1 Peak equivalent isotropic sensitivity 9.3.3.2 Equivalent isotropic sensitivity spherical coverage 9.3.3.3 Multiband relaxation 9.3.3.4 Interference 9.3.4 Beam correspondence 9.3.5 Max permissible emission 9.3.5.1 Max permissible emission consideration in release 9.3.5.2 R16 radio-link failure optimization 9.4 New radio test technology 9.4.1 SA FR1 radio-frequency test 9.4.1.1 Maximum transmit power test 9.4.1.2 Selection of test points 9.4.2 SA FR2 radio-frequency test 9.4.2.1 FR2 OTA test methods 9.4.2.1.1 Direct far-field method 9.4.2.1.2 Indirect far-field method 9.4.2.1.3 Near-field far-field transform method 9.4.2.2 Applicability of FR2 OTA test method 9.4.2.3 FR2 OTA measurement grid 9.4.2.4 FR2 OTA test limitations 9.4.3 EN–DC radio-frequency test 9.4.4 MIMO OTA Test 9.4.4.1 Channel model for NR MIMO OTA 9.4.4.2 Chamber layout for NR FR1 MIMO OTA 9.4.4.3 Chamber layout for NR FR2 MIMO OTA 9.5 New radio RF design and challenges 9.5.1 NR RF Front-end 9.5.2 Interference and Coexistence 9.5.2.1 EN–DC Interference 9.5.2.2 Coexistence of NR and WiFi 9.5.3 Design of SRS RF front-end 9.5.4 Other new radio challenges 9.5.4.1 Dual SIM card support 9.5.4.2 Radio-frequency front-end switch 9.6 Summary References 10 User plane protocol design 10.1 Overview 10.2 Service data adaptation protocol 10.3 Packet data convergence protocol 10.4 Radio link control 10.5 Medium access control 10.5.1 Random access procedure 10.5.2 Data transmission procedure 10.5.3 Medium access control packet data units format 10.6 Summary References 11 Control plan design 11.1 System information broadcast 11.1.1 Content of system information 11.1.2 Broadcast and update of system information 11.1.3 Acquisition and validity of system information 11.2 Paging 11.3 RRC connection control 11.3.1 Access control 11.3.2 RRC connection control 11.4 RRM measurement and mobility management 11.4.1 RRM measurement 11.4.1.1 RRM measurement model 11.4.1.2 Measurement optimization 11.4.2 Mobility management 11.4.2.1 RRC_IDLE/RRC_INACTIVE state mobility management 11.4.2.2 RRC_CONNECTED state mobility management 11.4.2.3 RRC_CONNECTED state mobility optimization 11.4.2.3.1 Shortening handover interruption time 11.4.2.3.2 Handover robustness optimization 11.5 Summary References 12 5G network slicing 12.1 General descriptions 12.1.1 Background 12.1.2 Network slicing terminologies and principles 12.1.2.1 Network slice identification 12.1.2.2 Network slicing terminology and usage 12.1.2.3 Storage of S–NSSAI/NSSAI in 5G UE 12.2 Network slicing as a service in the 5G system 12.2.1 Network slicing service registration 12.2.2 Traffic routing in Network Slicing 12.2.2.1 UE Route Selection Policy support for Network Slicing traffic routing 12.2.2.2 Service data path establishment 12.2.2.3 Support interworking between EPC and 5GC for Network Slicing 12.3 Network slice congestion control 12.4 Network slice in roaming case 12.5 Network slice specific authentication and authorization 12.6 Summary References 13 Quality of service control 13.1 5G quality of service model 13.2 End-to-end quality of service control 13.2.1 General introduction 13.2.2 PCC rule 13.2.3 Quality of service flow 13.2.4 Quality of service rule 13.3 Quality of service parameters 13.3.1 5G quality of service identifier and the quality of service characteristics 13.3.2 Allocation and retention priority 13.3.3 Bitrate-related parameters 13.4 Reflective quality of service 13.4.1 Usage of reflective quality of service in the 5G system 13.4.2 The mechanism of reflective quality of service in the 5G system 13.5 Quality of service notification control 13.5.1 General description of quality of service notification control 13.5.2 Alternative quality of service profile 13.6 Summary References Further reading 14 5G voice 14.1 IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) 14.1.1 IMS registration 14.1.2 IMS call setup 14.1.3 Abnormal case handling 14.2 5G voice solutions and usage scenarios 14.2.1 VoNR 14.2.2 EPS fallback/RAT fallback 14.2.3 Fast return 14.2.4 Voice continuity 14.3 Emergency call 14.4 Summary References 15 5G Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication: PHY layer 15.1 Physical downlink control channel enhancement 15.1.1 Introduction to compact downlink control information 15.1.2 Compact downlink control information 15.1.3 Physical downlink control channel monitoring capability per monitoring span 15.1.4 Physical downlink control channel monitoring for CA 15.2 UCI enhancements 15.2.1 Multiple HARQ–ACK feedbacks in a slot- and subslot-based PUCCH 15.2.1.1 Subslot-based HARQ–ACK 15.2.1.2 Whether to support subslot PUCCH resource across subslot boundary? 15.2.1.3 Subslot length and PUCCH resource set configuration 15.2.2 Multiple HARQ–ACK codebooks 15.2.3 Priority indication 15.2.4 Intra-UE collision of uplink channels 15.3 UE processing capability enhancements 15.3.1 Introduce of processing capacity 15.3.2 Processing time determination 15.3.3 Definition of processing time 15.3.4 Out-of-order scheduling/HARQ 15.4 Data transmission enhancements 15.4.1 CQI and MCS 15.4.1.1 CQI and MCS table design 15.4.1.2 Configuration for CQI and MCS tables 15.4.2 PUSCH enhancement 15.4.3 Time-domain resource determination 15.4.4 Frequency hopping 15.4.5 UCI multiplexing 15.4.5.1 Multiplexing timing 15.4.5.2 PUSCH repetition used for UCI multiplexing 15.5 Configured grant transmission 15.5.1 Flexible initial transmission occasion 15.5.2 Resource allocation configuration 15.5.3 Multiple configured grant transmission 15.5.4 Nonorthogonal multiple access 15.5.4.1 Transmission schemes for multiple access signatures 15.5.4.2 Receivers for nonorthogonal multiple access 15.6 Semipersistent transmission 15.6.1 Semipersistent transmission enhancement 15.6.2 Enhancements on HARQ–ACK feedback 15.6.2.1 How to determine the HARQ–ACK feedback timing corresponding to each semipersistent scheduling PDSCH 15.6.2.2 How to configure the PUCCH resources 15.7 Inter-UE multiplexing 15.7.1 Multiplexing solutions 15.7.2 Signaling design 15.7.2.1 Timing of DL preemption indication 15.7.2.2 Downlink control information format for DL preemption indication 15.7.2.3 Downlink control information format for uplink cancelation indication 15.7.3 Uplink power adjustment scheme 15.8 Summary References 16 Ultra reliability and low latency communication in high layers 16.1 Timing synchronization for industrial ethernet 16.1.1 Intra-UE prioritization 16.1.2 The conflict between data and data 16.2 Dynamic authorization versus configured grant and configured grant versus configured grant 16.3 Dynamic authorization versus dynamic authorization 16.3.1 The conflict between data and scheduling request 16.4 Enhancements to the semipersistent scheduling 16.4.1 Support shorter period for semipersistent scheduling resource 16.4.2 Configuration of multiple active semipersistent scheduling resource simultaneously 16.4.3 Enhancement to the semistatic scheduling resource time-domain position determination formula 16.4.4 Redefine hybrid automatic repeat request ID 16.5 Enhancement to packet data convergence protocol data packet duplication 16.5.1 R15 new radio packet data convergence protocol data duplication mechanism 16.5.2 Enhancement on duplication transmission in R16 16.5.3 The concept of UE autonomous duplication transmission 16.6 Ethernet header compression 16.7 Summary References 17 5G V2X 17.1 NR–V2X slot structure and physical channel 17.1.1 Basic parameters 17.1.2 Sidelink slot structure 17.1.2.1 Option 17.1.2.2 Option 17.1.2.3 Option 17.1.2.4 Option 17.1.3 Physical sidelink channel and sidelink signal 17.1.3.1 Physical sidelink control channel 17.1.3.2 PSSCH 17.1.3.3 PSFCH 17.1.3.4 Physical sidelink broad channel 17.1.3.5 Sidelink synchronization signal 17.1.3.6 SL PT–RS 17.1.3.7 SL CSI–RS 17.2 Sidelink resource allocation 17.2.1 Resource allocation in time domain and frequency domain 17.2.1.1 Resource allocation in time domain 17.2.1.2 Resource in frequency domain 17.2.2 Sidelink dynamic resource allocation in resource allocation Mode 17.2.3 Sidelink configured grant in resource allocation Mode 17.2.4 Sidelink resource allocation Mode 17.2.4.1 Step 1: UE determines a set of candidate resources for selection 17.2.4.2 Step 2: The UE randomly selects one or more sidelink resources from the remaining candidate resource set for sidel... 17.3 Sidelink physical layer procedure 17.3.1 Sidelink HARQ feedback 17.3.1.1 Sidelink HARQ feedback scheme 17.3.1.2 Sidelink HARQ feedback resource configuration 17.3.1.3 Sidelink HARQ feedback resource determination 17.3.2 Sidelink HARQ feedback reporting in Mode 17.3.3 Sidelink measurement and feedback 17.3.3.1 CQI/RI 17.3.3.2 Channel busy ratio/channel occupancy ratio 17.3.3.3 SL–RSRP 17.3.4 Sidelink power control References 18 5G NR in the unlicensed spectrum 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Channel sensing 18.2.1 Overview of channel access procedure 18.2.1.1 Directional channel-sensing 18.2.1.2 Multinode joint channel-sensing 18.2.1.3 Receiver-assisted channel-sensing 18.2.2 Dynamic channel-access procedure 18.2.2.1 Default channel-access type for gNB: Type-1 channel access 18.2.2.2 Channel occupancy time sharing at gNB side 18.2.2.3 Channel-access parameter indication 18.2.2.4 Channel occupancy time sharing at UE side 18.2.3 Semistatic channel-access procedure 18.2.4 Persistent uplink listen before talk detection and recovery mechanism 18.3 Initial access procedure 18.3.1 SS/PBCH Block transmission 18.3.2 Master information block 18.3.3 Remaining minimum system message monitoring 18.3.4 Random access 18.4 Wideband operation and physical channel enhancements 18.4.1 Wideband operation in NR–unlicensed 18.4.2 PDCCH monitoring enhancement 18.4.2.1 CORESET and search space set configuration 18.4.2.2 Search space set group switching 18.4.2.3 Enhancement on downlink control information format 2_0 18.4.3 Enhancement on physical uplink control channel 18.4.3.1 Interlace design 18.4.3.2 Physical uplink control channel design 18.5 Hybrid automatic repeat request and scheduling 18.5.1 Hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism 18.5.1.1 Hybrid automatic repeat request problems 18.5.1.2 Hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment retransmission 18.5.1.3 Introduction and feedback of nonnumerical K1 18.5.2 Hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment codebook 18.5.2.1 eType-2 hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgementcodebook 18.5.2.2 Type-3 hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment codebook 18.5.3 Multiple physical uplink shared channel scheduling 18.6 NR–unlicensed with configured grant physical uplink shared channel 18.6.1 Configured grant resource configuration 18.6.2 Configured grant–uplink control information and configured grant repetition 18.6.3 Configured grant–downlink feedback information 18.6.4 Configured grant retransmission timer 18.7 Summary References 19 5G terminal power-saving 19.1 Requirements and evaluation of power-saving techniques for 5G 19.1.1 Power-saving requirements for 5G terminals 19.1.2 Candidate power-saving techniques 19.1.2.1 Terminal frequency bandwidth adaptation 19.1.2.2 Time adaptive cross-slot scheduling 19.1.2.3 Adaptive antenna number 19.1.2.4 Adaptive DRX 19.1.2.5 Adaptive reduction of PDCCH monitoring 19.1.2.6 User-assisted information reporting 19.1.2.7 Power-saving wake-up signal/channel 19.1.2.8 Power-saving assistance RS 19.1.2.9 Physical-layer power-saving process 19.1.2.10 Higher-layer power-saving process 19.1.2.11 Power-saving in RRM measurement 19.1.3 Evaluation methodology for power-saving 19.1.4 Evaluation results and selected terminal power-saving techniques 19.1.4.1 Power-saving technology evaluation results 19.1.4.2 Power-saving techniques introduced in 5G-NR 19.2 Power-saving signal design and its impact on DRX 19.2.1 The technical principle of power-saving signal 19.2.2 Power-saving signal in R16 19.2.2.1 PDCCH monitoring occasion for power-saving signal 19.2.2.2 Power-saving signal for short DRX cycle 19.2.2.3 Whether to monitor power-saving signal during DRX active time 19.2.2.4 Terminal behavior after detection of power-saving signal 19.2.3 Impact of power-saving signal on DRX 19.3 Cross-slot scheduling 19.3.1 Technical principles of cross-slot scheduling 19.3.2 Flexible scheduling mechanism for cross-slot scheduling 19.3.3 Processing of dynamic indicating cross-slot scheduling 19.3.4 Application timing in cross-slot scheduling 19.3.5 Error handling in cross-slot scheduling 19.3.6 Impact of cross-slot scheduling on uplink/downlink measurement 19.3.7 BWP switching in cross-slot scheduling 19.4 MIMO layer restriction 19.4.1 Impacts of RX and TX antennas on energy consumption 19.4.2 DL MIMO layer restriction 19.4.3 UL MIMO layer restriction 19.5 SCell dormancy 19.5.1 Multicarrier power-saving based on carrier aggregation 19.5.2 Power-saving mechanism of SCell (secondary carrier) 19.5.3 Secondary cell (carrier) dormancy trigger outside DRX active time 19.5.4 SCell dormancy trigger of SCell in DRX active time 19.6 RRM measurement relaxation 19.6.1 Power-saving requirement in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE mode 19.6.2 Relaxed measurement criterion 19.6.2.1 The terminal not at cell-edge criterion 19.6.2.2 The terminal with low-mobility criterion 19.6.3 Relaxed measurement method 19.7 Terminal assistance information for power-saving 19.7.1 Terminal assistance information procedure 19.7.2 Terminal assistance information content 19.7.2.1 Terminal’s preference on DRX parameters for power-saving 19.7.2.2 Terminal’s preference on the maximum aggregated bandwidth for power-saving 19.7.2.3 Terminal’s preference on the maximum number of secondary component carriers for power-saving 19.7.2.4 Terminal’s preference on the maximum number of MIMO layers for power-saving 19.7.2.5 Terminal’s preference on the minimum scheduling offset for cross-slot scheduling for power-saving 19.7.2.6 RRC state transition 19.8 Summary References Further reading 20 Prospect of R17 and B5G/6G 20.1 Introduction to Release 20.1.1 Prospect of B5G/6G 20.1.1.1 Vision and requirements of B5G/6G 20.1.1.2 Candidate technologies for B5G/6G 20.2 Technologies targeting high data rate 20.3 Coverage extension technology 20.4 Vertical application enabling technology 20.5 Summary References Index Back Cover
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