2020 Census Data Products: Data Needs and Privacy Considerations: Proceedings of a Workshop

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
    1.1 About the Workshop
    1.2 Structure of These Proceedings
2 Disclosure Avoidance in the 2020 Census
    2.1 The 2020 Decennial Census TopDown Disclosure Limitation Algorithm: A Report on the Current State of the Privacy Loss–Accuracy Trade-off
        2.1.1 Reason for the Change: The Simulated Database Reconstruction Attack
        2.1.2 Structure of the TopDown Algorithm
        2.1.3 Why Differential Privacy and Why the TopDown Algorithm in Specific?
        2.1.4 Choosing a Privacy-Loss Budget ϵ
    2.2 Setting the Privacy-Loss Budget for the 2010 Demonstration Data Products
    2.3 Floor Discussion
3 Geospatial Analyses of Social and Demographic Conditions
    3.1 Geographic Review of Differentially Private Demonstration Data
        3.1.1 Residential Segregation
        3.1.2 Differences by Geographic Level
        3.1.3 Spatial Differences
        3.1.4 Closing Thoughts
    3.2 Implications for Municipalities and School Enrollment Statistics
    3.3 Floor Discussion
4 Redistricting and Related Legal Uses
    4.1 Redistricting and the Voting Rights Act
        4.1.1 Issues in Redistricting
        4.1.2 Voting Rights Act
        4.1.3 Polarization of Voting by Race
        4.1.4 Language Access Determinations
    4.2 Impacts on Redistricting: The Case of New Rochelle, New York
        4.2.1 Redistricting the City of New Rochelle
        4.2.2 Block-Level Data
        4.2.3 Concluding Comments
    4.3 Redistricting and Differential Privacy
        4.3.1 Equal Populations
        4.3.2 Voting Rights
        4.3.3 Concluding Comments
    4.4 Floor Discussion
5 Delivery of Government Services
    5.1 Privatized Data in City Planning
        5.1.1 School-Age Children
        5.1.2 Seniors Living Alone
        5.1.3 Vacancy Rates
        5.1.4 Household Size
    5.2 Decennial Census, Rural Housing Data, and Differential Privacy
        5.2.1 Analysis of Differences
        5.2.2 Two Use Cases: Affordable Rural Housing and Lending to Underserved Markets
    5.3 Importance of Decennial Census for Regional Planning in California
        5.3.1 Housing Affordability
        5.3.2 Housing and Population Consistency
        5.3.3 Transportation Planning
        5.3.4 Concluding Comments
    5.4 Differential Privacy in 2020: Anticipating Impacts on Evidence-Based Public Policy at the State and Local Level
    5.5 Floor Discussion
6 Business and Private Sector Applications
    6.1 Effects of Differentially Private Noise Injection on Survey Operations
    6.2 Census Differential Privacy and Private Sector Data Products
        6.2.1 Totals
        6.2.2 Consistency Checks
        6.2.3 Characteristics
        6.2.4 Concluding Remarks
    6.3 Calculating Floodplain Weights and Benchmarking Needs
        6.3.1 Floodplain Housing Estimates
        6.3.2 Benchmarking Existing Home Sales
    6.4 Floor Discussion
7 Use as Denominators for Rates and Baseline for Estimates
    7.1 Public Health and Health Equity Questions
        7.1.1 Denominators
        7.1.2 Census-Derived Area-Based Metrics
        7.1.3 Time Trends
        7.1.4 Population Health and Health Equity
    7.2 Rates of Cancer Incidence and Mortality
        7.2.1 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) Program
        7.2.2 Features of Population Estimates
        7.2.3 Implications of Differential Privacy
    7.3 Impact on Critical Rate Calculations, Particularly for Small Areas and Demographic Communities
        7.3.1 Effects of Differential Privacy on Mortality Rates
        7.3.2 Socioeconomic Analysis
        7.3.3 Concluding Comments
    7.4 Housing and Population Counts: Implications for Local Estimates and Projections
        7.4.1 State-Produced Population Estimates
        7.4.2 Households with Different Service Needs
        7.4.3 Concluding Comments and Questions
    7.5 Floor Discussion
8 Identification of Rural and Special Populations: American Indians and Alaska Natives
    8.1 Population Counts on American Indian Reservations and Alaska Native Villages, With and Without the Application of Differential Privacy
        8.1.1 Differences for American Indians on Reservations
        8.1.2 Differences for Alaska Natives in Villages
        8.1.3 Differences for Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI)
        8.1.4 Concluding Comments
    8.2 Impact of Differential Privacy on American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes
        8.2.1 Background
        8.2.2 Comparisons of 2010 Summary File 1 and the Demonstration Data Products
        8.2.3 Suggested Solutions
    8.3 Floor Discussion
9 Identification of Rural and Special Populations: Small Communities, the Young, and the Elderly
    9.1 Privatized Data for Alaska Communities
        9.1.1 Alaska Geography
        9.1.2 Impacts of Differential Privacy
        9.1.3 Effects on State Programs
    9.2 Children Ages 0–4, States and Counties
        9.2.1 Background
        9.2.2 Methodology
        9.2.3 State-Level Analysis
        9.2.4 County-Level Analysis
        9.2.5 Uses of Data for Young Children
        9.2.6 Concluding Comments
    9.3 Elementary School Enrollment
        9.3.1 School District Use Cases
        9.3.2 Some Statistics
        9.3.3 Thoughts About ϵ
    9.4 Uses of Census Data on Age in Local Planning
        9.4.1 Emergency Preparedness in New York City
        9.4.2 Age Data as Input for Many Local Uses
    9.5 Child Poverty by Local School District and Allocation of Federal Title I Funds
        9.5.1 Title I
        9.5.2 Number of School-Aged Children in Poverty
        9.5.3 Title I Funding: Eligibility and Amounts
    9.6 Floor Discussion
10 Panel Discussion on Key Privacy Issues
    10.1 Privacy and Census Participation
    10.2 Severity of the Reidentification Threat
    10.3 Context and Privacy
    10.4 Legal Protections of Privacy
    10.5 Lessons from Privacy Work in Health Data
    10.6 Discussion
11 Census Bureau’s Responses and Own Analyses of 2010 Demonstration Data Products
    11.1 Demographic Findings of the 2010 Census Demonstration Data Products
        11.1.1 Geography
        11.1.2 Characteristics
        11.1.3 Observations
    11.2 Known Issues and Next Steps in Disclosure Avoidance System Development
    11.3 Next Steps for User Engagement
12 Summary of Breakout Discussion Sessions
References
Appendixes
    A Workshop Agenda and Participants
    B Biographical Sketches