Deviant Behavior, 12th Edition
- Length: 480 pages
- Edition: 12
- Language: English
- Publisher: Pearson
- Publication Date: 2018-01-12
- ISBN-10: 0134627091
- ISBN-13: 9780134627090
- Sales Rank: #84443 (See Top 100 Books)
For courses in Deviance (Sociology).
Explore the origins, causes, and future directions of deviant behavior
Deviant Behavior, 12th Edition puts readers in the driver’s seat, letting them see what the experts have to say about the origins, causes, current state, and future directions of deviance. Providing a solid foundation in scientific theories of deviance, the text invites readers to apply theories and research to the most relevant forms of deviant behavior today, including emerging forms, such as hacktivism and virtual kidnapping. This extensively updated and revised 12th Edition takes a fresh look at time-honored topics, while shining a spotlight on cutting-edge innovations and deviance-related topics on the horizon.
Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Contents Preface About the Authors Part I Perspectives and Theories 1 What Is Deviant Behavior? An Academic Adventure Begins Conflicting Definitions The Positivist Perspective Absolutism: Deviance as Absolutely Real Objectivism: Deviance as an Observable Object Determinism: Deviance as Determined Behavior The Constructionist Perspective Relativism: Deviance as a Label Subjectivism: Deviance as a Subjective Experience Voluntarism: Deviance as a Voluntary Act An Integrated View A Word About Deviance and Crime Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 2 Positivist Theories Anomie-Strain Theory Merton: The Goal–Means Gap Cohen: Status Frustration Cloward and Ohlin: Differential Illegitimate Opportunity Recent Developments Evaluating Anomie-Strain Theory Social Learning Theory Sutherland: Differential Association Glaser: Differential Identification Burgess and Akers: Differential Reinforcement Evaluating Social Learning Theory Control Theory Hirschi, Gottfredson, and Tittle: Social Bond, Self-Control, and Control Balance Sykes and Matza: Neutralization and Drift Braithwaite: Reintegrative Shaming The Deterrence Doctrine Evaluating Control Theory Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 3 Constructionist Theories Labeling Theory A Version of Symbolic Interactionism Who Labels Whom? Consequences of Labeling Consequences for the Labeled Consequences for the Labeler Evaluating Labeling Theory Phenomenological Theory Critique of Positivism Subjectivism as the Key to Deviant Reality Ethnography: An Application of Phenomenology Evaluating Phenomenological Theory Deviance as Drama and Warrior Narratives Dramaturgy and Stigma Warrior Narratives Critical Theory Legal Reality Theory Social Reality Theory Conflict Theory Critical Theory Feminist Theory Power Theory Postmodernist Theory Evaluating Critical and Conflict Theory Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources Part II Interpersonal Violence 4 Physical Violence Myths and Realities Assault and Aggravated Assault Who Is More Likely to Kill? Class and Race Regions, Large Cities, and Rural Areas Gender and Age Patterns of Killing Time of Killing Place of Killing Method of Killing Characteristics of Homicide Warm-Blooded Murder Doing the Victim a Favor Winning a Trivial Argument Homicide Followed by Suicide Mass and Serial Murder A Social Profile of Serial Killers A Global Perspective on Homicide School Violence Stalking Hate Killing Genocide Terrorism The September 11 Attacks Myths About Terrorism Why Do People Kill? External Restraint Theory Subculture of Violence Theory Does the Death Penalty Deter Murder? Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 5 Sexual Assault and Child Molestation Myths and Realities Patterns of Rape Racial, Age, and Situational Factors Planning and Execution Gang Rape Acquaintance Rape Campus Rape The Myth of Victim Precipitation Consequences of Rape The Rape Survivor’s Response The Feeling of Being Raped Again The Culture of Rape Treating Women Like Men’s Property Using Women in Men’s Masculinity Contests The Myth That Women Ask for It Socializing Girls to Be Victims A Global Perspective on Wartime Rape Why Men Rape Women Psychological Theories Social Psychological Theory: Sexual Permissiveness Feminist Theory: Gender Inequality Male Peer Support Theory Males as Victims Inside the Prison Outside the Prison Can Women Rape Men? Child Molestation Some Basic Facts A Social Profile of Child Molesters Molesting Boys The Scandal of Pedophile Priests Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 6 Family Violence Myths and Realities Myths About Family Violence Myth 1: Family Violence Hits the Poor Only Myth 2: Violence and Love Cannot Happen Together Myth 3: Most Abused Children Grow Up to Be Abusive Parents Myth 4: Alcohol and Drugs Are Involved in Most Family Violence The Extent of Family Violence Marital Rape The Nature of Marital Rape Causes of Marital Rape Wife Beating The Nature of Woman Abuse Why Don’t Some Battered Wives Leave? Causes of Woman Abuse Child Abuse The Nature of Child Abuse Causes of Child Abuse Female Genital Mutilation Elder Abuse The Nature of Elder Abuse Causes of Elder Abuse A Social Profile of Family Abusers Age Class Gender Stressful Life Social Isolation A Global Perspective on Family Violence Theories of Family Violence Social Learning Theory Stress Theory Exchange Theory Social Responses to Family Violence Protecting Women: Marital Rape and Battering Protecting Children Protecting Elders Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources Part III Self-Destructive Deviance 7 Suicide and Self-Harm Myths and Realities Varieties of Suicidal Experiences Threatening Suicide Attempting Suicide Committing Suicide Self-Injurers Cutting Inside the Social Structure and Organization of Cutting Cutting and Suicide Durkheim and the Sociological Origins of Self-Injury Body Piercing Groups with Higher Suicide Rates Residents in Rural, Wide-Open Areas Whites The Less Religious Males Pro-Ana and Fat Acceptance Advocates The Divorced or Single Older People The Relatively Well-Off A Social Profile of Suicide Bombers Situational Factors in Suicide Going Through Adolescence Going to College Joining the Military Being in Prison Being Stricken with AIDS Foreign Born Latinos Under Media Influence A Global Perspective on Suicide Social Responses to Suicide Survivors’ Reactions Advocating Suicide Suicide by Cop Preventing Suicide Sociological Theories of Suicide Classical Durkheimian Theory A Modern Durkheimian Theory Phenomenological Theories Theory of Suicidal Meanings Theory of Suicidal Process Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 8 Mental Disorder Myths and Realities Popular Beliefs Types of Mental Disorder Traditional Classification Psychosis Neurosis Personality Disorder The DSM–5 Classification Social Factors in Mental Disorder Social Class Gender Young Age A Social Profile of Depressed Teens Race and Ethnicity Urban Environment PTSD: An Impact of War A Global Perspective on Mental Disorder Societal Responses to Mental Disorder Historical Background The Public The Court Involuntary Commitment Denying Rights Insanity Defense The Mental Hospital The Community Mental Health Center Perspectives on Mental Disorder The Medical Model The Psychosocial Model Psychoanalytic Theory Social Stress Theory The Labeling Model Mental Illness as a Myth The Impact of Labeling Insanity as Supersanity Criticisms of the Labling Model Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources Part IV Diverse Lifestyles 9 Heterosexual Deviance Myths and Realities Teen Sex Extramarital Sex Seductive Myths Cultural Variations Social Factors A Social Profile of Swingers Pornography The Porn Industry The Effects of Pornography Pornography as Harmful Pornography as Harmful Phone Sex Nude Dancing Sexual Harassment The World of Prostitution Myths About Prostitution Types of Prostitutes Streetwalkers Child and Adolescent Prostitutes Brothel Workers Call Girls and Escorts Social and Sexual Backgrounds Reasons for Becoming Prostitutes The Subculture of Prostitution Other Participants in Prostitution The Madam The PIMP The Client Societal Reaction to Prostitution A Global Perspective on Prostitution Theories of Prostitution Functionalist Theory Social-Psychological Theory Oppression, Empowerment, and Polymorphous Theories Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 10 Gays and Other Targets of Stigma Myths and Realities Myths About Homosexuality Gays and Lesbians How Many Are There? What Are Gays Like? What Are Lesbians Like? Like Other Women Unlike Other Women Coming Out Gay and Lesbian Lifestyles Family and Children Dating and Marriage Politics, Education,and Religion Theories of Homosexuality Biological Theories Psychiatric Theories Socialogical Theories Same-Sex Practices Among Heterosexuals and Bisexuals Trades Street Hustlers Situationals Bisexuals Homophobia The Homophobic View of Homosexuality The Nature and Extent of Homophobia A Social Profile of Homophobes The Impact of Homophobia Social Problems Psychological Problems AIDS, Gays, and Straights Fighting Homophobia A Global Perspective on Homophobia Other Victims of Social Stigma Transgenderists: Transsexuals, Intersexuals, and Transvestites People with Physical Disabilities The Obese The Tattooed Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 11 Internet Deviance Myths and Realities Seeking Easy Money Online Online Identity Theft Internet Gambling Searching Cyberspace for Sex Cybersex Internet Pornography A Social Profile of Cyberporn Surfers Online Affairs Expressing Hate Online Prejudice and Discrimination in Cyberspace Internet Trolls Stalking Through Cyberspace Virtual Kidnapping Cracking the Code Computer Hacking Anonymous Internet Crime Complaint Center Terrorism in Cyberspace The Deep Web Pirates, Politics, and Religion Image Based Woman Abuse A Global Perspective on Cyberdeviance Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources Part V Substance Use and Abuse 12 Drug Use Myths and Realities Drug Use in Perspective Illegal Drugs: Their Effects and Users Marijuana Heroin Cocaine and Crack Meth and Roofies Ecstasy Social Dimensions of Drug Use The Extent of Drug Use Drugs and AIDS Drugs and Crime Drugs and Socioeconomic Status Becoming a Drug User A Social Profile of Illegal Drug Users What Causes Illegal Drug Use? Economic Deprivation Theory Cognitive Association Theory Social Psychological Theory The War on Drugs Historical Pattern Punitive Strategy: Law Enforcement Debate over Legalizing Drugs Supportive Strategy: Prevention and Treatment Drug Prevention Drug Treatment Abusing Prescription Drugs, Particularly OxyContin Smoking Cigarettes A Global Perspective on Smoking Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 13 Drinking and Alcoholism Myths and Realities The Extent of Drinking and Alcoholism Myths About Alcohol Abuse What Alcohol Does to Its Users Mental and Physical Impact Health Effects Social Consequences Social Factors in Drinking Gender and Age Racial and Ethnic Background African Americans Hispanic Americans Native Americans Irish Americans Italian and Chinese Americans Religious Affiliation Socioeconomic Status Regional Location A Global Perspective on Drinking What Is Alcoholism? Becoming an Alcoholic Social Drinker Psychologically Addicted Physically Addicted Hitting Bottom College Students and Alcohol Binge Drinking in College A Social Profile of College Binge Drinkers Women and Alcohol Why More Women Drink Today Alcoholism Among Women What Causes Alcoholism? A Biological Predisposition The Alcoholic Personality Social and Cultural Forces Explaining Individual Differences Explaining Group Differences Controlling Alcohol Use and Abuse Legal Measures The Past The Present Therapeutic Approaches Detox and Treatment Centers Alcoholics Anonymous Can Alcoholics Learn to Drink Moderately? Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources Part VI Inequality in Deviance 14 Privileged Deviance Myths and Realities What Is White-Collar Deviance? Corporate Deviance Deviance Against Employees Deviance Against Customers Dangerous Foods Unsafe Products Frauds Deceptive Advertising Antitrust Violations Deviance Against the Government Deviance Against the Environment A Social Profile of Corporate Crooks Occupational Deviance Employee Theft Embezzlement Financial Frauds Deviance in the Professions Medical Misconduct Lawyerly Lawlessness Accounting Abuse What Makes White-Collar Deviance Unique? The Deviant’s Respectable Self-Image The Victim’s Unwitting Cooperation Society’s Relative Indifference Causes of White-Collar Deviance Deviant Motivation: Fear of Loss and Greed for Gain Deviant Opportunity: The Benefit of High Position and Power Weak Social Control: Lax Law Enforcement Governmental Deviance Receiving Kickbacks from Business Abusive Mangement of Public Funds Abusing the Frank Election Improprieties Denial of Voting Right Political Dirty Tricks Campaign Finance Abuses Official Violence A Global Perspective on Official Corruption Official Ways of Neutralizing Deviance Denying the Obvious Ignoring the Deviance Accusing the Accuser Promising to Take Action Justifying the Deviance Other Methods of Neutralization Causes of Governmental Deviance Superabundance of Ambiguous Laws Governmental Complexity and Power Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources 15 Underprivileged Deviance Myths and Realities Robbery Robbery as a Property Crime Deciding to ROB for Money Deciding Which Target to ROB Deciding How to ROB Robbery as a Violent Crime Unarmed Robbery and Actual Violence Armed Robbery and Potential Violence Patterns of Robbery Amateur and Professional Robbers Amateur Robbers Professional Robbers Causes of Robbery Relative Deprivation Economic Abundance The Difficulty of Explanation Auto Theft and Carjacking Characteristics and Trends Causes Burglary Modus Operandi Causes of Burglary Shoplifting A Social Profile of Shoplifters Causes of Shoplifting Organized Crime Organizational Structure Organized Crime Activities Selling Illegal Goods and Services Engaging Large-Scale Thefts and Racketeering Corrupting Public Officials Infiltrating Legitimate Businesses Ethnicity and Organized Crime The War on Organized Crime in the United States A Global Perspective on Organized Crime Summary Further Reading Critical Thinking Questions Internet Resources References Photo Credits Name Index Subject Index
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