Database Design Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams, 3rd Edition
- Length: 358 pages
- Edition: 3
- Language: English
- Publisher: Auerbach Publications
- Publication Date: 2022-09-01
- ISBN-10: 103201718X
- ISBN-13: 9781032017181
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
Essential to database design, entity-relationship (ER) diagrams are known for their usefulness in data modeling and mapping out clear database designs. They are also well-known for being difficult to master. With Database Design Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams, Third Edition, database designers, developers, and students preparing to enter the field can quickly learn the ins and outs of data modeling through ER diagramming.
Building on the success of the bestselling first and second editions, this accessible text includes a new chapter on the relational model and functional dependencies. It also includes expanded chapters on Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) diagrams and reverse mapping. It uses cutting-edge case studies and examples to help readers master database development basics and defines ER and EER diagramming in terms of requirements (end user requests) and specifications (designer feedback to those requests), facilitating agile database development. This book
- Describes a step-by-step approach for producing an ER diagram and developing a relational database from it
- Contains exercises, examples, case studies, bibliographies, and summaries in each chapter
- Details the rules for mapping ER diagrams to relational databases
- Explains how to reverse engineer a relational database back to an entity-relationship model
- Includes grammar for the ER diagrams that can be presented back to the user, facilitating agile database development
The updated exercises and chapter summaries provide the real-world understanding needed to develop ER and EER diagrams, map them to relational databases, and test the resulting relational database. Complete with a wealth of additional exercises and examples throughout, this edition should be a basic component of any database course. Its comprehensive nature and easy-to-navigate structure make it a resource that students and professionals will turn to throughout their careers.
Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgments Authors Introduction Chapter 1 Data, Databases, and the Software Engineering Process 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Data 1.3 Building a Database 1.4 What Is the Software Engineering Process? 1.5 Entity-Relationship Diagrams and the Software Engineering Life Cycle 1.5.1 Phase 1: Get the Requirements for the Database 1.5.2 Phase 2: Specify the Database 1.5.3 Phase 3: Design the Database 1.6 Chapter Summary Chapter 1 Exercises Bibliography Chapter 2 Data and Data Models 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Files, Records, and Data Items 2.3 Moving From 3 × 5 Cards to Computers 2.4 Database Models 2.4.1 The Hierarchical Model 2.4.1.1 The Hierarchical Model with a Linked List 2.4.1.2 Relationship Terminology 2.4.1.3 Drawbacks of the Hierarchical Model 2.5 The Network Model 2.6 The Relational Model 2.7 Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 3 The Relational Model and Functional Dependencies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fundamentals of Relational Database 3.3 Relational Database and Sets 3.4 Functional Dependency 3.5 Non-1NF to 1NF 3.6 The Second Normal Form 3.6.1 Anomalies 3.6.2 Non-2NF to 2NF 3.7 The Third Normal Form 3.8 The Equijoin Operation 3.9 Some Functional Dependency Rules 3.10 The Boyce–Codd Normal Form 3.11 Chapter Summary Chapter 3 Exercises Bibliography Chapter 4 The Basic ER Diagram: A Data Modeling Schema 4.1 Introduction 4.2 What Is a Data Modeling Schema? 4.2.1 What Is an Entity-Relationship Diagram? 4.3 Defining a Database—Some Definitions: Entity, Relationship, and Attribute 4.3.1 A Beginning Methodology 4.3.2 ER Design Methodology 4.4 A First “Entity-Only” ER Diagram: An Entity with Attributes 4.5 More about Attributes 4.5.1 The Simple or Atomic Attribute 4.5.2 The Composite Attribute 4.5.3 The Multivalued Attribute 4.5.4 The Derived Attribute 4.5.5 Keys 4.6 English Description of the Entity 4.6.1 The Method 4.6.1.1 The Entity 4.6.1.2 The Attributes 4.6.1.3 The Keys 4.6.2 ER Design Methodology 4.6.3 Examples 4.6.3.1 Figure 4.3 Example 4.6.3.2 Figure 4.4 Example 4.6.3.3 Figure 4.5a Example 4.6.3.4 Figure 4.6 Example 4.6.3.5 Figure 4.7 Example 4.7 Mapping the Entity Diagram to a Relational Database 4.8 Chapter Summary Chapter 4 Exercises Case Study Notes Bibliography Chapter 5 Beyond the First Entity Diagram 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Examining an Entity: Changing an Attribute to Be an Entity 5.3 Defining a Relationship for Our New Entity 5.3.1 ER Design Methodology 5.4 A Preliminary Grammar for ER Diagrams 5.4.1 The Relationship 5.5 Defining a Second Entity 5.6 Does a Relationship Exist? 5.7 Attribute or Relationship? 5.7.1 ER Design Methodology 5.8 Chapter Summary Chapter 5 Exercises Case Study Bibliography Chapter 6 Extending Relationships/Structural Constraints 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Cardinality Ratio of a Relationship 6.2.1 One to One (1:1) 6.2.2 Many to One (M:1) 6.2.3 One to Many (1:M) 6.2.4 Many to Many (M:N) 6.3 Participation: Full/Partial 6.4 English Descriptions 6.5 Tighter English 6.5.1 Pattern 1—x:y::k:1 6.5.2 Pattern 2—x:y::k:1 6.5.3 Pattern 3—x:y::k:M 6.5.4 Pattern 4—x:y::k:M 6.5.5 Summary of the Patterns and Relationships 6.5.5.1 Pattern 1 6.5.5.2 Pattern 1 6.5.5.3 Pattern 2 6.5.5.4 Pattern 2 6.5.5.5 Pattern 3 6.5.5.6 Pattern 3 6.5.5.7 Pattern 4 6.5.5.8 Pattern 4 6.5.6 ER Design Methodology 6.6 Some Examples of Other Relationships 6.6.1 An Example of the One-to-Many Relationship (1:M) 6.6.1.1 Pattern 4–1:M, From the 1 Side, Partial Participation 6.6.1.2 Pattern 2—M(Partial):1, From M Side, Optional Participation 6.6.2 An Example of the Many-to-One Relationship (M:1) 6.6.2.1 Pattern 1—M:1, From the M Side, Full Participation 6.6.2.2 Pattern 3–1:M, From the 1 Side, Full Participation 6.6.3 An Example of the Many-to-Many Relationship (M:N) 6.6.3.1 Pattern 3—M:N, From the M Side, Full Participation 6.6.3.2 Pattern 4—N:M, From the N Side, Partial Participation 6.7 One Final Example 6.7.1 ER Design Methodology 6.7.1.1 The Entity 6.7.1.2 The Entity 6.7.2 Pattern 1—M:1, From the M Side, Full Participation 6.7.3 Pattern 3–1:M, From the 1 Side, Full Participation 6.8 Mapping Relationships to a Relational Database 6.8.1 Mapping Binary M:N Relationships 6.8.2 Mapping Binary 1:1 Relationships 6.8.3 Mapping Binary 1:N Relationships 6.9 Chapter Summary Chapter 6 Exercises Case Study Note Bibliography Chapter 7 The Weak Entity 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Strong and Weak Entities 7.3 Weak Entities and Structural Constraints 7.4 Weak Entities and the Identifying Owner 7.4.1 Another Example of a Weak Entity and the Identifying Owner 7.5 Weak Entities Connected to Other Weak Entities 7.6 Revisiting the Methodology 7.7 Weak Entity Grammar 7.7.1 The Keys 7.8 Mapping Weak Entities to a Relational Database 7.9 Chapter Summary Chapter 7 Exercises Case Study Bibliography Chapter 8 Further Extensions for ER Diagrams with Binary Relationships 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Attributes of Relationships 8.2.1 The Attributes 8.3 Relationships Developing into Entities: The M:N Relationship Revisited 8.3.1 The Entity 8.3.1.1 The Attributes 8.3.1.2 The Keys 8.4 More Entities and Relationships 8.4.1 More Than Two Entities 8.4.1.1 Pattern 4—x:y::1:M, From the 1 Side, Partial Participation 8.4.1.2 Pattern 1—x:y::M:1, From the M Side, Full Participation 8.4.2 Adding More Attributes That Evolve into Entities 8.5 More Evolution of the Database 8.6 Attributes That Evolve into Entities 8.7 Recursive Relationships 8.7.1 Recursive Relationships and Structural Constraints 8.7.1.1 One-to-One Recursive Relationship (Partial Participation on Both Sides) 8.7.1.2 One-to-Many Recursive Relationship (Partial Participation on Both Sides) 8.7.1.3 Many-to-Many Recursive Relationship (Partial on Both Sides) 8.8 Multiple Relationships 8.9 The Derived or Redundant Relationship 8.10 Optional: An Alternative ER Notation for Specifying Structural Constraints on Relationships 8.11 Review of the Methodology 8.11.1 ER Design Methodology 8.11.2 The Entity 8.11.2.1 The Attributes 8.11.2.2 The Keys 8.12 Mapping Rules for Recursive Relationships 8.13 Chapter Summary Chapter 8 Exercises Case Study Bibliography Chapter 9 Ternary and Higher-Order ER Diagrams 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Binary or Ternary Relationship? 9.3 Structural Constraints for Ternary Relationships 9.3.1 Many to Many to Many (M1:M2:M3) 9.4 An Example of an n-ary Relationship 9.5 n-ary Relationships Do Not Preclude Binary Relationships 9.6 Methodology and Grammar for the n-ary Relationship 9.6.1 A More Exact Grammar 9.6.1.1 Pattern 3—M:N, From the M Side, Full Participation 9.6.1.2 Pattern 3—k:M, from the k Side, Full Participation (k = 1 or N) 9.6.1.3 Pattern 5 ( n-ary)—x:y:z::a:b:c, From the a Side, Full/Partial Participation 9.6.2 Grammar in a Partial Participation, Ternary Relationship with an M1:1:M2 Relationship 9.7 Ternary Relationships From Relationship-Relationship Situations 9.8 n-ary Relationships That May Be Resolved into Binary Relationships 9.9 Mapping n-ary Relationships to a Relational Database 9.10 Review of the Methodology 9.10.1 ER Design Methodology 9.11 Chapter Summary Chapter 9 Exercises Bibliography Chapter 10 The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model 10.1 Introduction 10.2 What Is a Generalization or Specialization? 10.3 Variants 10.4 Examples of Generalizations or Specializations 10.5 Methodology and Grammar for Generalization/Specialization Relationships 10.6 Mapping Rules for Generalizations and Specializations 10.6.1 Mapping Rule 15 10.6.2 Mapping Rule 16 10.6.3 Mapping Rule 17 10.6.4 Mapping Rule 18 10.7 Subclasses of Subclasses 10.7.1 Mapping Rule 19 10.8 Categories or Union Types 10.8.1 Participation Ratios in Categories or Union Types 10.8.2 Mapping Categories or Union Types When Superclasses Have the Same Primary Keys 10.8.3 Mapping Categories or Union Types When Superclasses Have Different Primary Keys 10.9 Final ER Design Methodology 10.9.1 ER Design Methodology 10.10 Chapter Summary Chapter 10 Exercises Case Study Bibliography Chapter 11 Relational Mapping and Reverse Engineering ER/EER Diagrams 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Steps Used to Map ER/EER Diagrams to Relational Databases 11.3 Reverse Engineering 11.3.1 Reverse Engineering Rule 1. Develop Strong Entities 11.3.2 Reverse Engineering Rule 2. Look for 1:1 and 1:N (1:x) Relationships 11.3.3 Reverse Engineering Rule 2a. Check for Attributes of the 1:x Relationship 11.3.4 Reverse Engineering Rule 3. Look for Weak Entities and Multivalued Attributes 11.3.5 Reverse Engineering Rule 3a. Checking for Weak Entities 11.3.6 Reverse Engineering Rule 3b. Checking for Multivalued Attributes 11.3.7 Reverse Engineering Rule 4. Check for M:N and n-ary Relationships 11.3.8 Reverse Engineering Rule 4a. Check for the Binary Case 11.3.9 Reverse Engineering Rule 4b. Check for the n-ary Case 11.3.10 Reverse Engineering Rule 5. Check for Generalization/Specialization Relationships 11.3.11 Reverse Engineering Rule 5a. Check for Generalization/Specialization Relationships with Disjoint or Overlap Relationships with Total or Partial Participation Constraints 11.3.12 Reverse Engineering Rule 5b. Check for Disjoint Generalization/Specialization Relationships with Single-Predicate-Defined Attributes 11.3.13 Reverse Engineering Rule 5c. Check for Overlap Generalization/Specialization Relationship with More Than One Flag 11.3.14 Reverse Engineering Rule 6. Check for Shared Subclasses 11.3.15 Reverse Engineering Rule 7. Check for Categories or Union Types 11.4 Chapter Summary Chapter 11 Exercises Bibliography Chapter 12 A Brief Overview of the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.1 Introduction 12.2 A First “Entity-Only” ER Diagram: An Entity with Attributes 12.3 Attributes in the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.3.1 Optional versus Mandatory Attributes 12.4 Relationships in the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.5 Structural Constraints in the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.6 Dealing with the Concept of the Weak Entity in the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.7 Dealing with the Concept of Multivalued Attributes in the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.8 Treatment of Foreign Keys 12.9 Recursive Relationships in the Barker/Oracle-Like Model 12.10 Mapping M:N Relationships 12.11 Chapter Summary Chapter 12 Exercises Bibliography Glossary Index
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