Basic Statistical Techniques for Medical and Other Professionals: A Course in Statistics to Assist in Interpreting Numerical Data
- Length: 116 pages
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- Publisher: Productivity Press
- Publication Date: 2021-10-25
- ISBN-10: 1032114940
- ISBN-13: 9781032114941
- Sales Rank: #0 (See Top 100 Books)
We are bombarded with statistical data each and every day, and healthcare professionals are no exception. All sectors of healthcare rely on data provided by insurance companies, consultants, research firms, and government to help them make a host of decisions regarding the delivery of medical services. But while these health professionals rely on data, do they really make the best use of the information? Not if they fail to understand whether the assumptions behind the formulas generating the numbers make sense. Not if they don’t understand that the world of healthcare is flooded with inaccurate, misleading, and even dangerous statistics. The purpose of this book is to provide members of medical and other professions, including scientists and engineers, with a basic understanding of statistics and probability together with an explanation and worked examples of the techniques. It does not seek to confuse the reader with in-depth mathematics but provides basic methods for interpreting data and making inferences. The worked examples are medically based, but the principles apply to the analysis of any numerical data.
Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements About the Author Introduction Chapter 1. Why One Needs Statistical Techniques Variables and Attributes Spread of a Variable Correlation Taking Samples Very Large and Very Small Numbers Chapter 2. Probability and Its Rules Empirical versus À Priori Combining Probabilities Mutually Exclusive Events Conditional Probabilities Given a Positive Test Given a Negative Test Comparison of the Two Outcomes Chapter 3. Dealing with Variables Metrics The Mean The Standard Deviation (and Variance) Grouped Data A Range for Each Value Making Inferences from the Mean and Standard Deviation The Coefficient of Variation Other Measures of Central Tendency (Types of Average) Medians Geometric Mean Chapter 4. Comparing Variables Comparing the Standard Deviations Comparing the Means Double- and Single-Sided Inferences Chapter 5. Presenting Data and Establishing Trends Visual Presentation of Data Histograms Graphs Some Pitfalls Supression Extrapolation Logarithmic Scales Moving Averages Control Charts Chapter 6. Dealing with Attributes Binomial Poisson Chapter 7. Testing for Significance (Attributes) Chapter 8. Correlation and Regression Relating Two Variables False Correlation Establishing a Normal Distribution Chapter 9. Handling Numbers (Large and Small) Big Numbers Small Numbers Multiplying and Dividing Some Examples Familiarity with Negative Exponents Chapter 10. An Introduction to Risk Individual Risk of Fatality (per Exposure to an Activity) Individual Risk of Fatality (per Annum) Fatal Accident Frequency (FAFR) Maximum Tolerable Risk As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) Variable versus Constant Rates Chapter 11. A Final Word Appendices. Appendices Appendix 1: Manipulating Numbers in Spreadsheets Arithmetic Functions Copy-Paste Copy-Paste Special Regression/Correlation Appendix 2: Brief Glossary of Terms Appendix 3: Normal Distribution Table Appendix 4a: 0.5% & 1% Points of the F Distribution Appendix 4b: 2.5% & 5% Points of the F Distribution Appendix 4c: 10% & 25% Points of the F Distribution Appendix 5: The t Distribution Appendix 6: Cumulative Poisson Curves Appendix 7: Percentage Points of the Chi Squared Distribution Appendix 8: Answers to Exercises Appendix 9: Further Reading Index
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